这是awk中的@Ygor解决方案

awk 'c-->0;$0~s{if(b)for(c=b+1;c>1;c--)print r[(NR-c+1)%b];print;c=a}b{r[NR%b]=$0}' b=3 a=3 s="pattern" myfile

注意：用前后的行数替换a和b变量。

它对于不支持grep的-A、-B和-C参数的系统特别有用。

让我们用一个例子来理解。我们可以使用带有选项的grep：

-A 5  # this will give you 5 lines after searched string.
-B 5  # this will give you 5 lines before searched string.
-C 5  # this will give you 5 lines before & after searched string

实例File.txt包含6行，以下是操作。

[abc@xyz]~/% cat file.txt # print all file data
this is first line
this is 2nd line
this is 3rd line
this is 4th line
this is 5th line
this is 6th line

[abc@xyz]~% grep "3rd" file.txt # we are searching for keyword '3rd' in the file
this is 3rd line

[abc@xyz]~% grep -A 2 "3rd" file.txt # print 2 lines after finding the searched string
this is 3rd line
this is 4th line
this is 5th line

[abc@xyz]~% grep -B 2 "3rd" file.txt # Print 2 lines before the search string.
this is first line
this is 2nd line
this is 3rd line

[abc@xyz]~% grep -C 2 "3rd" file.txt # print 2 line before and 2 line after the searched string 
this is first line
this is 2nd line
this is 3rd line
this is 4th line
this is 5th line

记住选项的技巧：选项：

-一个 -> 之后的平均值-B级 -> B表示之前。-c类 -> 介于两者之间

里普雷普

如果您关心性能，请使用与grep语法相似的ripgrep，例如。

rg -C5 "pattern" .

-C、 --context NUM—在每次匹配前后显示NUM行。

还有一些参数，如-A/-after上下文和-B/-before上下文。

该工具构建在Rust的正则表达式引擎之上，这使得它对大数据非常有效。

这是awk中的@Ygor解决方案

awk 'c-->0;$0~s{if(b)for(c=b+1;c>1;c--)print r[(NR-c+1)%b];print;c=a}b{r[NR%b]=$0}' b=3 a=3 s="pattern" myfile

注意：用前后的行数替换a和b变量。

它对于不支持grep的-A、-B和-C参数的系统特别有用。

-A和-B将起作用，-C n（对于n行上下文）或-n（对于n个上下文……只要n是1到9）也会起作用。

我通常使用

grep searchstring file -C n # n for number of lines of context up and down

许多像grep这样的工具也有很棒的man文件。我发现自己经常参考grep的手册页，因为你可以用它做很多事情。

man grep

许多GNU工具也有一个信息页，除了手册页之外，它可能还有更多有用的信息。

info grep