我只是要帮我妻子做一些python类的事情，所以我写了这段代码来告诉她如何做。正如标题所示，它只替换键名。这是非常罕见的，你必须替换一个键名，并保持字典的顺序完整，但我还是想分享，因为这篇文章是当你搜索它时谷歌返回的，即使它是一个非常老的线程。

代码:

dictionary = {
    "cat": "meow",
    "dog": "woof",
    "cow": "ding ding ding",
    "goat": "beh"
}


def countKeys(dictionary):
    num = 0
    for key, value in dictionary.items():
        num += 1
    return num


def keyPosition(dictionary, search):
    num = 0
    for key, value in dictionary.items():
        if key == search:
            return num
        num += 1


def replaceKey(dictionary, position, newKey):
    num = 0
    updatedDictionary = {}
    for key, value in dictionary.items():
        if num == position:
            updatedDictionary.update({newKey: value})
        else:
            updatedDictionary.update({key: value})
        num += 1
    return updatedDictionary


for x in dictionary:
    print("A", x, "goes", dictionary[x])
    numKeys = countKeys(dictionary)

print("There are", numKeys, "animals in this list.\n")
print("Woops, that's not what a cow says...")

keyPos = keyPosition(dictionary, "cow")
print("Cow is in the", keyPos, "position, lets put a fox there instead...\n")
dictionary = replaceKey(dictionary, keyPos, "fox")

for x in dictionary:
    print("A", x, "goes", dictionary[x])

输出:

A cat goes meow
A dog goes woof
A cow goes ding ding ding
A goat goes beh
There are 4 animals in this list.

Woops, that's not what a cow says...
Cow is in the 2 position, lets put a fox there instead...

A cat goes meow
A dog goes woof
A fox goes ding ding ding
A goat goes beh

在python 2.7及更高版本中，您可以使用字典理解: 这是我在使用DictReader读取CSV时遇到的一个例子。用户已经在所有列名后面加上了':'

ori_dict ={“key1:”:1、“key2:”:2,“key3:”:3}

在键中去掉后面的':':

Corrected_dict = {k.replace(':'， "): v for k, v in ori_dict.items()}

完整解决方案的示例

声明一个json文件，其中包含你想要的映射

{
  "old_key_name": "new_key_name",
  "old_key_name_2": "new_key_name_2",
}

加载它

with open("<filepath>") as json_file:
    format_dict = json.load(json_file)

创建此函数来使用映射格式化字典

def format_output(dict_to_format,format_dict):
  for row in dict_to_format:
    if row in format_dict.keys() and row != format_dict[row]:
      dict_to_format[format_dict[row]] = dict_to_format.pop(row)
  return dict_to_format

方法，如果有人想替换多级字典中出现的所有键。

函数检查字典是否有特定的键，然后遍历子字典并递归调用该函数:

def update_keys(old_key,new_key,d):
    if isinstance(d,dict):
        if old_key in d:
            d[new_key] = d[old_key]
            del d[old_key]
        for key in d:
            updateKey(old_key,new_key,d[key])

update_keys('old','new',dictionary)

因为键是字典用来查找值的，所以实际上不能更改它们。您可以做的最接近的事情是保存与旧键相关联的值，删除它，然后使用替换键和保存的值添加一个新条目。其他几个答案说明了实现这一目标的不同方式。

d = {1:2,3:4}

假设我们想要改变列表元素p=['a'， 'b']的键值。 下面的代码可以做到:

d=dict(zip(p,list(d.values()))) 

我们得到

{'a': 2, 'b': 4}