我已经通过使用Preference类解决了这个问题。

package com.example.android;

import android.content.Context;
import android.preference.Preference;
import android.util.AttributeSet;

public class VersionPreference extends Preference {
    public VersionPreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        String versionName;
        final PackageManager packageManager = context.getPackageManager();
        if (packageManager != null) {
            try {
                PackageInfo packageInfo = packageManager.getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(), 0);
                versionName = packageInfo.versionName;
            } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
                versionName = null;
            }
            setSummary(versionName);
        }
    }
}

内部片段用法示例。

import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
.......

private String VersionName;
private String VersionCode;
.......


Context context = getActivity().getApplicationContext();

/* Getting application version name and code */
try
{
     VersionName = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(), 0).versionName;

     /* I find it useful to convert vervion code into String,
        so it's ready for TextViev/server side checks
     */

     VersionCode = Integer.toString(context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(), 0).versionCode);
}
catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e)
{
     e.printStackTrace();
}

// Do something useful with that

您需要两个部分：

android：版本代码android:versionName

versionCode是一个数字，您向市场提交的应用程序的每个版本都需要有一个比上一个版本更高的数字。

VersionName是一个字符串，可以是任何你想要的东西。这是你定义你的应用程序为“1.0”或“2.5”或“2 Alpha EXTREME！”或任何东西的地方。

例子：

科特林：

val manager = this.packageManager
val info = manager.getPackageInfo(this.packageName, PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES)
toast("PackageName = " + info.packageName + "\nVersionCode = "
            + info.versionCode + "\nVersionName = "
            + info.versionName + "\nPermissions = " + info.permissions)

Java语言：

PackageManager manager = this.getPackageManager();
PackageInfo info = manager.getPackageInfo(this.getPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);
Toast.makeText(this,
     "PackageName = " + info.packageName + "\nVersionCode = "
       + info.versionCode + "\nVersionName = "
       + info.versionName + "\nPermissions = " + info.permissions, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

    Log.e("TAG","VERSION.RELEASE {" + Build.VERSION.RELEASE + "}");
    Log.e("TAG","\nVERSION.INCREMENTAL {" + Build.VERSION.INCREMENTAL + "}");
    Log.e("TAG","\nVERSION.SDK {" + Build.VERSION.SDK + "}");
    Log.e("TAG","\nBOARD {" + Build.BOARD + "}");
    Log.e("TAG","\nBRAND {" + Build.BRAND + "}");
    Log.e("TAG","\nDEVICE {" + Build.DEVICE + "}");
    Log.e("TAG","\nFINGERPRINT {" + Build.FINGERPRINT + "}");
    Log.e("TAG","\nHOST {" + Build.HOST + "}");
    Log.e("TAG","\nID {" + Build.ID + "}");

幸亏https://stackoverflow.com/a/40421709/2828651

对于API 28（Android 9（Pie）），PackageInfo.versionCode已弃用，因此请使用以下代码：

Context context = getApplicationContext();
PackageManager manager = context.getPackageManager();
try {
    PackageInfo info = manager.getPackageInfo(context.getPackageName(), 0);
    myversionName = info.versionName;
    versionCode = (int) PackageInfoCompat.getLongVersionCode(info);
}
catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    myversionName = "Unknown-01";
}

以下是获取版本代码的方法：

public String getAppVersion() {
    String versionCode = "1.0";
    try {
        versionCode = getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(getPackageName(), 0).versionName;
    } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return versionCode;
}