我有一个经常从Visual Studio数据库项目重新部署的开发数据库(通过TFS自动构建)。

有时当我运行我的构建时,我会得到这个错误:

ALTER DATABASE failed because a lock could not be placed on database 'MyDB'. Try again later.  
ALTER DATABASE statement failed.  
Cannot drop database "MyDB" because it is currently in use.  

我试了一下:

ALTER DATABASE MyDB SET RESTRICTED_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE

但我仍然无法删除数据库。(我猜大多数开发人员都有dbo访问权限。)

我可以手动运行SP_WHO并开始终止连接,但我需要在自动构建中自动执行此操作。(虽然这次我的连接是数据库中唯一一个我试图放弃的连接。)

是否有一个脚本可以删除我的数据库,而不管连接的是谁?


当前回答

鲜为人知的是:GO sql语句可以接受一个整数来表示重复上一个命令的次数。

所以如果你:

ALTER DATABASE [DATABASENAME] SET SINGLE_USER
GO

然后:

USE [DATABASENAME]
GO 2000

这将重复使用USE命令2000次,在所有其他连接上强制死锁,并获得单个连接的所有权。(给你的查询窗口单独访问做你想做的事。)

其他回答

USE master
GO
ALTER DATABASE database_name
SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
GO

裁判:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb522682%28v=sql.105%29.aspx

鲜为人知的是:GO sql语句可以接受一个整数来表示重复上一个命令的次数。

所以如果你:

ALTER DATABASE [DATABASENAME] SET SINGLE_USER
GO

然后:

USE [DATABASENAME]
GO 2000

这将重复使用USE命令2000次,在所有其他连接上强制死锁,并获得单个连接的所有权。(给你的查询窗口单独访问做你想做的事。)

公认的答案有一个缺点,即它没有考虑到数据库可能被正在执行查询的连接所锁定,该查询涉及到所连接的数据库以外的数据库中的表。

如果服务器实例有多个数据库,并且查询直接或间接(例如通过同义词)使用多个数据库中的表等,就会出现这种情况。

因此,我发现有时最好使用syslockinfo来查找要删除的连接。

因此,我的建议是使用AlexK给出的接受答案的以下变体:

USE [master];

DECLARE @kill varchar(8000) = '';  
SELECT @kill = @kill + 'kill ' + CONVERT(varchar(5), req_spid) + ';'  
FROM master.dbo.syslockinfo
WHERE rsc_type = 2
AND rsc_dbid  = db_id('MyDB')

EXEC(@kill);

更新

适用于MS SQL Server 2012及以上版本

USE [master];

DECLARE @kill varchar(8000) = '';  
SELECT @kill = @kill + 'kill ' + CONVERT(varchar(5), session_id) + ';'  
FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions
WHERE database_id  = db_id('MyDB')

EXEC(@kill);

对于MS SQL Server 2000, 2005, 2008

USE master;

DECLARE @kill varchar(8000); SET @kill = '';  
SELECT @kill = @kill + 'kill ' + CONVERT(varchar(5), spid) + ';'  
FROM master..sysprocesses  
WHERE dbid = db_id('MyDB')

EXEC(@kill); 

To my experience, using SINGLE_USER helps most of the times, however, one should be careful: I have experienced occasions in which between the time I start the SINGLE_USER command and the time it is finished... apparently another 'user' had gotten the SINGLE_USER access, not me. If that happens, you're in for a tough job trying to get the access to the database back (in my case, it was a specific service running for a software with SQL databases that got hold of the SINGLE_USER access before I did). What I think should be the most reliable way (can't vouch for it, but it is what I will test in the days to come), is actually: - stop services that may interfere with your access (if there are any) - use the 'kill' script above to close all connections - set the database to single_user immediately after that - then do the restore