我有一个经常从Visual Studio数据库项目重新部署的开发数据库(通过TFS自动构建)。
有时当我运行我的构建时，我会得到这个错误:
ALTER DATABASE failed because a lock could not be placed on database 'MyDB'. Try again later.
ALTER DATABASE statement failed.
Cannot drop database "MyDB" because it is currently in use.
我试了一下:
ALTER DATABASE MyDB SET RESTRICTED_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
但我仍然无法删除数据库。(我猜大多数开发人员都有dbo访问权限。)
我可以手动运行SP_WHO并开始终止连接，但我需要在自动构建中自动执行此操作。(虽然这次我的连接是数据库中唯一一个我试图放弃的连接。)
是否有一个脚本可以删除我的数据库，而不管连接的是谁?
当前回答
我已经用下面的简单代码成功地进行了测试
USE [master]
GO
ALTER DATABASE [YourDatabaseName] SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
GO
其他回答
公认的答案有一个缺点，即它没有考虑到数据库可能被正在执行查询的连接所锁定，该查询涉及到所连接的数据库以外的数据库中的表。
如果服务器实例有多个数据库，并且查询直接或间接(例如通过同义词)使用多个数据库中的表等，就会出现这种情况。
因此，我发现有时最好使用syslockinfo来查找要删除的连接。
因此，我的建议是使用AlexK给出的接受答案的以下变体:
USE [master];
DECLARE @kill varchar(8000) = '';
SELECT @kill = @kill + 'kill ' + CONVERT(varchar(5), req_spid) + ';'
FROM master.dbo.syslockinfo
WHERE rsc_type = 2
AND rsc_dbid = db_id('MyDB')
EXEC(@kill);
USE MASTER
GO
DECLARE @Spid INT
DECLARE @ExecSQL VARCHAR(255)
DECLARE KillCursor CURSOR LOCAL STATIC READ_ONLY FORWARD_ONLY
FOR
SELECT DISTINCT SPID
FROM MASTER..SysProcesses
WHERE DBID = DB_ID('dbname')
OPEN KillCursor
-- Grab the first SPID
FETCH NEXT
FROM KillCursor
INTO @Spid
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @ExecSQL = 'KILL ' + CAST(@Spid AS VARCHAR(50))
EXEC (@ExecSQL)
-- Pull the next SPID
FETCH NEXT
FROM KillCursor
INTO @Spid
END
CLOSE KillCursor
DEALLOCATE KillCursor
To my experience, using SINGLE_USER helps most of the times, however, one should be careful: I have experienced occasions in which between the time I start the SINGLE_USER command and the time it is finished... apparently another 'user' had gotten the SINGLE_USER access, not me. If that happens, you're in for a tough job trying to get the access to the database back (in my case, it was a specific service running for a software with SQL databases that got hold of the SINGLE_USER access before I did). What I think should be the most reliable way (can't vouch for it, but it is what I will test in the days to come), is actually: - stop services that may interfere with your access (if there are any) - use the 'kill' script above to close all connections - set the database to single_user immediately after that - then do the restore
我已经用下面的简单代码成功地进行了测试
USE [master]
GO
ALTER DATABASE [YourDatabaseName] SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
GO
Matthew的超级高效脚本更新为使用dm_exec_sessions DMV，取代了废弃的sysprocesses系统表:
USE [master];
GO
DECLARE @Kill VARCHAR(8000) = '';
SELECT
@Kill = @Kill + 'kill ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(5), session_id) + ';'
FROM
sys.dm_exec_sessions
WHERE
database_id = DB_ID('<YourDB>');
EXEC sys.sp_executesql @Kill;
替代使用WHILE循环(如果你想每次执行处理任何其他操作):
USE [master];
GO
DECLARE @DatabaseID SMALLINT = DB_ID(N'<YourDB>');
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(10);
WHILE EXISTS ( SELECT
1
FROM
sys.dm_exec_sessions
WHERE
database_id = @DatabaseID )
BEGIN;
SET @SQL = (
SELECT TOP 1
N'kill ' + CAST(session_id AS NVARCHAR(5)) + ';'
FROM
sys.dm_exec_sessions
WHERE
database_id = @DatabaseID
);
EXEC sys.sp_executesql @SQL;
END;
