Django可以很好地自动序列化从DB返回到JSON格式的ORM模型。
如何序列化SQLAlchemy查询结果为JSON格式?
我试过jsonpickle。编码,但它编码查询对象本身。
我尝试了json.dumps(items),但它返回
TypeError: <Product('3', 'some name', 'some desc')> is not JSON serializable
将SQLAlchemy ORM对象序列化为JSON /XML真的那么难吗?它没有任何默认序列化器吗?现在序列化ORM查询结果是非常常见的任务。
我所需要的只是返回SQLAlchemy查询结果的JSON或XML数据表示。
需要在javascript datagird中使用JSON/XML格式的SQLAlchemy对象查询结果(JQGrid http://www.trirand.com/blog/)
https://flask-restplus.readthedocs.io/en/stable/marshalling.html
from flask_restplus import fields, Namespace, marshal
api = Namespace("Student data")
db_data = Student_details.query.all()
data_marshal_obj = api.model(" Data", {
"id": fields.String(),
"number": fields.Integer(),
"house_name": fields.String(),
})
data_in_json_serialize = marshal(db_data, data_marshal_obj)}
print(type(data_in_json_serialize )) # <class 'dict'>
定制序列化编组在烧瓶restpluse
这是一个JSONEncoder版本,它保留了模型列的顺序,只保留递归定义的列和关系字段。它还格式化了大多数不可序列化的JSON类型:
import json
from datetime import datetime
from decimal import Decimal
import arrow
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta
class SQLAlchemyJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
"""
SQLAlchemy ORM JSON Encoder
If you have a "backref" relationship defined in your SQLAlchemy model,
this encoder raises a ValueError to stop an infinite loop.
"""
def default(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, datetime):
return arrow.get(obj).isoformat()
elif isinstance(obj, Decimal):
return float(obj)
elif isinstance(obj, set):
return sorted(obj)
elif isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
for attribute, relationship in obj.__mapper__.relationships.items():
if isinstance(relationship.__getattribute__("backref"), tuple):
raise ValueError(
f'{obj.__class__} object has a "backref" relationship '
"that would cause an infinite loop!"
)
dictionary = {}
column_names = [column.name for column in obj.__table__.columns]
for key in column_names:
value = obj.__getattribute__(key)
if isinstance(value, datetime):
value = arrow.get(value).isoformat()
elif isinstance(value, Decimal):
value = float(value)
elif isinstance(value, set):
value = sorted(value)
dictionary[key] = value
for key in [
attribute
for attribute in dir(obj)
if not attribute.startswith("_")
and attribute != "metadata"
and attribute not in column_names
]:
value = obj.__getattribute__(key)
dictionary[key] = value
return dictionary
return super().default(obj)
你可以像这样使用SqlAlchemy的自省:
mysql = SQLAlchemy()
from sqlalchemy import inspect
class Contacts(mysql.Model):
__tablename__ = 'CONTACTS'
id = mysql.Column(mysql.Integer, primary_key=True)
first_name = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
last_name = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
phone = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
email = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
street = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
zip_code = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
city = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
def toDict(self):
return { c.key: getattr(self, c.key) for c in inspect(self).mapper.column_attrs }
@app.route('/contacts',methods=['GET'])
def getContacts():
contacts = Contacts.query.all()
contactsArr = []
for contact in contacts:
contactsArr.append(contact.toDict())
return jsonify(contactsArr)
@app.route('/contacts/<int:id>',methods=['GET'])
def getContact(id):
contact = Contacts.query.get(id)
return jsonify(contact.toDict())
从下面的答案中得到启发:
将sqlalchemy行对象转换为python dict
我建议用棉花糖。它允许您创建序列化器来表示支持关系和嵌套对象的模型实例。
以下是他们文档中的一个删节的例子。以ORM模型为例,作者:
class Author(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
first = db.Column(db.String(80))
last = db.Column(db.String(80))
该类的棉花糖模式是这样构造的:
class AuthorSchema(Schema):
id = fields.Int(dump_only=True)
first = fields.Str()
last = fields.Str()
formatted_name = fields.Method("format_name", dump_only=True)
def format_name(self, author):
return "{}, {}".format(author.last, author.first)
...并像这样使用:
author_schema = AuthorSchema()
author_schema.dump(Author.query.first())
...会产生这样的输出:
{
"first": "Tim",
"formatted_name": "Peters, Tim",
"id": 1,
"last": "Peters"
}
看看他们完整的Flask-SQLAlchemy示例。
一个名为marshmlow - SQLAlchemy的库专门集成了SQLAlchemy和marshmallow。在这个库中,上面描述的Author模型的模式如下所示:
class AuthorSchema(ModelSchema):
class Meta:
model = Author
该集成允许从SQLAlchemy Column类型推断字段类型。
marshmallow-sqlalchemy这里。
虽然这是一篇老文章,也许我没有回答上面的问题,但我想谈谈我的连载,至少它对我有用。
我使用FastAPI,SqlAlchemy和MySQL,但我不使用orm模型;
# from sqlalchemy import create_engine
# from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
# engine = create_engine(config.SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, pool_pre_ping=True)
# SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)
序列化代码
import decimal
import datetime
def alchemy_encoder(obj):
"""JSON encoder function for SQLAlchemy special classes."""
if isinstance(obj, datetime.date):
return obj.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
elif isinstance(obj, decimal.Decimal):
return float(obj)
import json
from sqlalchemy import text
# db is SessionLocal() object
app_sql = 'SELECT * FROM app_info ORDER BY app_id LIMIT :page,:page_size'
# The next two are the parameters passed in
page = 1
page_size = 10
# execute sql and return a <class 'sqlalchemy.engine.result.ResultProxy'> object
app_list = db.execute(text(app_sql), {'page': page, 'page_size': page_size})
# serialize
res = json.loads(json.dumps([dict(r) for r in app_list], default=alchemy_encoder))
如果不行,请忽略我的回答。我在这里提到它
https://codeandlife.com/2014/12/07/sqlalchemy-results-to-json-the-easy-way/