我对使用(太多?)字典的看法:

def serialize(_query):
    #d = dictionary written to per row
    #D = dictionary d is written to each time, then reset
    #Master = dictionary of dictionaries; the id Key (int, unique from database) 
    from D is used as the Key for the dictionary D entry in Master
    Master = {}
    D = {}
    x = 0
    for u in _query:
        d = u.__dict__
        D = {}
        for n in d.keys():
           if n != '_sa_instance_state':
                    D[n] = d[n]
        x = d['id']
        Master[x] = D
    return Master

使用flask(包括jsonify)和flask_sqlalchemy将输出打印为JSON。

使用jsonify(serialize())调用该函数。

与我迄今为止尝试过的所有SQLAlchemy查询一起工作(运行SQLite3)

更详细的解释。 在你的模型中，添加:

def as_dict(self):
       return {c.name: str(getattr(self, c.name)) for c in self.__table__.columns}

str()是针对python3的，所以如果使用python2则使用unicode()。它应该有助于反序列化日期。如果不处理这些，你可以删除它。

现在可以像这样查询数据库

some_result = User.query.filter_by(id=current_user.id).first().as_dict()

需要First()来避免奇怪的错误。As_dict()现在将反序列化结果。反序列化之后，就可以将其转换为json了

jsonify(some_result)

虽然使用一些原始sql和未定义的对象，使用cursor.description似乎得到了我正在寻找的东西:

with connection.cursor() as cur:
    print(query)
    cur.execute(query)
    for item in cur.fetchall():
        row = {column.name: item[i] for i, column in enumerate(cur.description)}
        print(row)

你可以像这样使用SqlAlchemy的自省:

mysql = SQLAlchemy()
from sqlalchemy import inspect

class Contacts(mysql.Model):  
    __tablename__ = 'CONTACTS'
    id = mysql.Column(mysql.Integer, primary_key=True)
    first_name = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    last_name = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    phone = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    email = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    street = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    zip_code = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    city = mysql.Column(mysql.String(128), nullable=False)
    def toDict(self):
        return { c.key: getattr(self, c.key) for c in inspect(self).mapper.column_attrs }

@app.route('/contacts',methods=['GET'])
def getContacts():
    contacts = Contacts.query.all()
    contactsArr = []
    for contact in contacts:
        contactsArr.append(contact.toDict()) 
    return jsonify(contactsArr)

@app.route('/contacts/<int:id>',methods=['GET'])
def getContact(id):
    contact = Contacts.query.get(id)
    return jsonify(contact.toDict())

从下面的答案中得到启发: 将sqlalchemy行对象转换为python dict

你可以把你的对象输出为一个字典:

class User:
   def as_dict(self):
       return {c.name: getattr(self, c.name) for c in self.__table__.columns}

然后使用User.as_dict()序列化对象。

如将sqlalchemy行对象转换为python dict中所述

这是一个JSONEncoder版本，它保留了模型列的顺序，只保留递归定义的列和关系字段。它还格式化了大多数不可序列化的JSON类型:

import json
from datetime import datetime
from decimal import Decimal

import arrow
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta

class SQLAlchemyJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    """
    SQLAlchemy ORM JSON Encoder
    If you have a "backref" relationship defined in your SQLAlchemy model,
    this encoder raises a ValueError to stop an infinite loop.
    """

    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj, datetime):
            return arrow.get(obj).isoformat()
        elif isinstance(obj, Decimal):
            return float(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj, set):
            return sorted(obj)
        elif isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
            for attribute, relationship in obj.__mapper__.relationships.items():
                if isinstance(relationship.__getattribute__("backref"), tuple):
                    raise ValueError(
                        f'{obj.__class__} object has a "backref" relationship '
                        "that would cause an infinite loop!"
                    )
            dictionary = {}
            column_names = [column.name for column in obj.__table__.columns]
            for key in column_names:
                value = obj.__getattribute__(key)
                if isinstance(value, datetime):
                    value = arrow.get(value).isoformat()
                elif isinstance(value, Decimal):
                    value = float(value)
                elif isinstance(value, set):
                    value = sorted(value)
                dictionary[key] = value
            for key in [
                attribute
                for attribute in dir(obj)
                if not attribute.startswith("_")
                and attribute != "metadata"
                and attribute not in column_names
            ]:
                value = obj.__getattribute__(key)
                dictionary[key] = value
            return dictionary

        return super().default(obj)