Python 3.7+和Flask 1.1+可以使用内置的数据类包

from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime
from flask import Flask, jsonify
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy


app = Flask(__name__)
db = SQLAlchemy(app)


@dataclass
class User(db.Model):
  id: int
  email: str

  id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, auto_increment=True)
  email = db.Column(db.String(200), unique=True)


@app.route('/users/')
def users():
  users = User.query.all()
  return jsonify(users)  


if __name__ == "__main__":
  users = User(email="user1@gmail.com"), User(email="user2@gmail.com")
  db.create_all()
  db.session.add_all(users)
  db.session.commit()
  app.run()

/users/路由现在将返回一个用户列表。

[
  {"email": "user1@gmail.com", "id": 1},
  {"email": "user2@gmail.com", "id": 2}
]

自动序列化相关模型

@dataclass
class Account(db.Model):
  id: int
  users: User

  id = db.Column(db.Integer)
  users = db.relationship(User)  # User model would need a db.ForeignKey field

jsonify(account)的响应是这样的。

{  
   "id":1,
   "users":[  
      {  
         "email":"user1@gmail.com",
         "id":1
      },
      {  
         "email":"user2@gmail.com",
         "id":2
      }
   ]
}

覆盖默认的JSON编码器

from flask.json import JSONEncoder


class CustomJSONEncoder(JSONEncoder):
  "Add support for serializing timedeltas"

  def default(o):
    if type(o) == datetime.timedelta:
      return str(o)
    if type(o) == datetime.datetime:
      return o.isoformat()
    return super().default(o)

app.json_encoder = CustomJSONEncoder      

def alc2json(row):
    return dict([(col, str(getattr(row,col))) for col in row.__table__.columns.keys()])

我想和她玩会儿代码高尔夫。

供参考:我使用automap_base，因为我们有一个根据业务需求单独设计的模式。我今天才开始使用SQLAlchemy，但是文档指出automap_base是declarative_base的扩展，这似乎是SQLAlchemy ORM中的典型范例，所以我相信这应该可以工作。

根据Tjorriemorrie的解决方案，它并没有跟随外键，而是简单地将列与值匹配，并通过str()-ing列值来处理Python类型。我们的值包括Python datetime。时间和小数。十进位类类型的结果，所以它完成了工作。

希望对路人有所帮助!

出于安全考虑，您不应该返回模型的所有字段。我更喜欢有选择性地选择他们。

Flask的json编码现在支持UUID, datetime和relationships(并为flask_sqlalchemy db添加了query和query_class。模型类)。编码器我更新如下:

app / json_encoder.py

    from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta
    from flask import json


    class AlchemyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
        def default(self, o):
            if isinstance(o.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
                data = {}
                fields = o.__json__() if hasattr(o, '__json__') else dir(o)
                for field in [f for f in fields if not f.startswith('_') and f not in ['metadata', 'query', 'query_class']]:
                    value = o.__getattribute__(field)
                    try:
                        json.dumps(value)
                        data[field] = value
                    except TypeError:
                        data[field] = None
                return data
            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o)

app / __init__ . py

# json encoding
from app.json_encoder import AlchemyEncoder
app.json_encoder = AlchemyEncoder

有了这个，我可以选择添加一个__json__属性，返回我希望编码的字段列表:

app / models.py

class Queue(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    song_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('song.id'), unique=True, nullable=False)
    song = db.relationship('Song', lazy='joined')
    type = db.Column(db.String(20), server_default=u'audio/mpeg')
    src = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False)
    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, server_default=db.func.now())
    updated_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, server_default=db.func.now(), onupdate=db.func.now())

    def __init__(self, song):
        self.song = song
        self.src = song.full_path

    def __json__(self):
        return ['song', 'src', 'type', 'created_at']

我添加@jsonapi到我的视图，返回结果列表，然后我的输出如下:

[

{

    "created_at": "Thu, 23 Jul 2015 11:36:53 GMT",
    "song": 

        {
            "full_path": "/static/music/Audioslave/Audioslave [2002]/1 Cochise.mp3",
            "id": 2,
            "path_name": "Audioslave/Audioslave [2002]/1 Cochise.mp3"
        },
    "src": "/static/music/Audioslave/Audioslave [2002]/1 Cochise.mp3",
    "type": "audio/mpeg"
}

]

虽然最初的问题可以追溯到很久以前，但这里的答案数量(以及我自己的经验)表明，这是一个不平凡的问题，有许多不同的方法，不同的复杂性和不同的权衡。

这就是为什么我构建了SQLAthanor库，它扩展了SQLAlchemy的声明性ORM，支持可配置的序列化/反序列化，您可能想看看。

该库支持:

Python 2.7, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6. SQLAlchemy versions 0.9 and higher serialization/de-serialization to/from JSON, CSV, YAML, and Python dict serialization/de-serialization of columns/attributes, relationships, hybrid properties, and association proxies enabling and disabling of serialization for particular formats and columns/relationships/attributes (e.g. you want to support an inbound password value, but never include an outbound one) pre-serialization and post-deserialization value processing (for validation or type coercion) a pretty straightforward syntax that is both Pythonic and seamlessly consistent with SQLAlchemy's own approach

你可以在这里查看(我希望!)全面的文档:https://sqlathanor.readthedocs.io/en/latest

希望这能有所帮助!

虽然使用一些原始sql和未定义的对象，使用cursor.description似乎得到了我正在寻找的东西:

with connection.cursor() as cur:
    print(query)
    cur.execute(query)
    for item in cur.fetchall():
        row = {column.name: item[i] for i, column in enumerate(cur.description)}
        print(row)

AlchemyEncoder是很棒的，但有时会失败的十进制值。这是一个改进的编码器，解决十进制问题-

class AlchemyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
# To serialize SQLalchemy objects 
def default(self, obj):
    if isinstance(obj.__class__, DeclarativeMeta):
        model_fields = {}
        for field in [x for x in dir(obj) if not x.startswith('_') and x != 'metadata']:
            data = obj.__getattribute__(field)
            print data
            try:
                json.dumps(data)  # this will fail on non-encodable values, like other classes
                model_fields[field] = data
            except TypeError:
                model_fields[field] = None
        return model_fields
    if isinstance(obj, Decimal):
        return float(obj)
    return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)