int resourceID = 
    this.getResources().getIdentifier("resource name", "resource type as mentioned in R.java",this.getPackageName());

// image from res/drawable
    int resID = getResources().getIdentifier("my_image", 
            "drawable", getPackageName());
// view
    int resID = getResources().getIdentifier("my_resource", 
            "id", getPackageName());

// string
    int resID = getResources().getIdentifier("my_string", 
            "string", getPackageName());

我建议您使用我的方法来获取资源ID。它比使用getIdentidier()方法更有效，后者比较慢。

代码如下:

/**
 * @author Lonkly
 * @param variableName - name of drawable, e.g R.drawable.<b>image</b>
 * @param с - class of resource, e.g R.drawable.class or R.raw.class
 * @return integer id of resource
 */
public static int getResId(String variableName, Class<?> с) {

    Field field = null;
    int resId = 0;
    try {
        field = с.getField(variableName);
        try {
            resId = field.getInt(null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return resId;

}

除了@lonkly解决方案

参见反射和现场可访问性 不必要的变量

方法:

/**
 * lookup a resource id by field name in static R.class 
 * 
 * @author - ceph3us
 * @param variableName - name of drawable, e.g R.drawable.<b>image</b>
 * @param с            - class of resource, e.g R.drawable.class or R.raw.class
 * @return integer id of resource
 */
public static int getResId(String variableName, Class<?> с)
                     throws android.content.res.Resources.NotFoundException {
    try {
        // lookup field in class 
        java.lang.reflect.Field field = с.getField(variableName);
        // always set access when using reflections  
        // preventing IllegalAccessException   
        field.setAccessible(true);
        // we can use here also Field.get() and do a cast 
        // receiver reference is null as it's static field 
        return field.getInt(null);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        // rethrow as not found ex
        throw new Resources.NotFoundException(e.getMessage());
    }
}

在Kotlin以下工作对我来说很好:

val id = resources.getIdentifier("your_resource_name", "drawable", context?.getPackageName())

如果资源放在mipmap文件夹中，你可以使用参数“mipmap”而不是“drawable”。

如果我没理解错的话，这就是你想要的

int drawableResourceId = this.getResources().getIdentifier("nameOfDrawable", "drawable", this.getPackageName());

这里的“this”是一个活动，写出来只是为了澄清。

如果你想要strings.xml中的String或者UI元素的标识符，请替换为"drawable"

int resourceId = this.getResources().getIdentifier("nameOfResource", "id", this.getPackageName());

我警告您，这种获取标识符的方法非常缓慢，仅在需要时使用。

官方文档链接:参考资料。getIdentifier(字符串名称，字符串defType，字符串defPackage)