我想从匹配正则表达式模式的字符串中提取子字符串。

所以我在寻找这样的东西:

func matchesForRegexInText(regex: String!, text: String!) -> [String] {
   ???
}

这就是我得到的:

func matchesForRegexInText(regex: String!, text: String!) -> [String] {

    var regex = NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex, 
        options: nil, error: nil)

    var results = regex.matchesInString(text, 
        options: nil, range: NSMakeRange(0, countElements(text))) 
            as Array<NSTextCheckingResult>

    /// ???

    return ...
}

问题是,matchesInString提供给我一个NSTextCheckingResult数组,其中NSTextCheckingResult。range类型为NSRange。

NSRange与Range<String不兼容。索引>,它阻止我使用text。substringwithrange(…)

你知道如何在没有太多行代码的情况下实现这个简单的事情吗?


当前回答

我的答案建立在给定答案的基础上,但通过添加额外的支持使正则匹配更加健壮:

不仅返回匹配项,还返回每个匹配项的所有捕获组(参见下面的示例) 这个解决方案支持可选匹配,而不是返回空数组 通过不打印到控制台来避免do/catch,并使用guard构造 将matchingStrings作为String的扩展

斯威夫特4.2

//: Playground - noun: a place where people can play

import Foundation

extension String {
    func matchingStrings(regex: String) -> [[String]] {
        guard let regex = try? NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex, options: []) else { return [] }
        let nsString = self as NSString
        let results  = regex.matches(in: self, options: [], range: NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length))
        return results.map { result in
            (0..<result.numberOfRanges).map {
                result.range(at: $0).location != NSNotFound
                    ? nsString.substring(with: result.range(at: $0))
                    : ""
            }
        }
    }
}

"prefix12 aaa3 prefix45".matchingStrings(regex: "fix([0-9])([0-9])")
// Prints: [["fix12", "1", "2"], ["fix45", "4", "5"]]

"prefix12".matchingStrings(regex: "(?:prefix)?([0-9]+)")
// Prints: [["prefix12", "12"]]

"12".matchingStrings(regex: "(?:prefix)?([0-9]+)")
// Prints: [["12", "12"]], other answers return an empty array here

// Safely accessing the capture of the first match (if any):
let number = "prefix12suffix".matchingStrings(regex: "fix([0-9]+)su").first?[1]
// Prints: Optional("12")

斯威夫特3

//: Playground - noun: a place where people can play

import Foundation

extension String {
    func matchingStrings(regex: String) -> [[String]] {
        guard let regex = try? NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex, options: []) else { return [] }
        let nsString = self as NSString
        let results  = regex.matches(in: self, options: [], range: NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length))
        return results.map { result in
            (0..<result.numberOfRanges).map {
                result.rangeAt($0).location != NSNotFound
                    ? nsString.substring(with: result.rangeAt($0))
                    : ""
            }
        }
    }
}

"prefix12 aaa3 prefix45".matchingStrings(regex: "fix([0-9])([0-9])")
// Prints: [["fix12", "1", "2"], ["fix45", "4", "5"]]

"prefix12".matchingStrings(regex: "(?:prefix)?([0-9]+)")
// Prints: [["prefix12", "12"]]

"12".matchingStrings(regex: "(?:prefix)?([0-9]+)")
// Prints: [["12", "12"]], other answers return an empty array here

// Safely accessing the capture of the first match (if any):
let number = "prefix12suffix".matchingStrings(regex: "fix([0-9]+)su").first?[1]
// Prints: Optional("12")

斯威夫特2

extension String {
    func matchingStrings(regex: String) -> [[String]] {
        guard let regex = try? NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex, options: []) else { return [] }
        let nsString = self as NSString
        let results  = regex.matchesInString(self, options: [], range: NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length))
        return results.map { result in
            (0..<result.numberOfRanges).map {
                result.rangeAtIndex($0).location != NSNotFound
                    ? nsString.substringWithRange(result.rangeAtIndex($0))
                    : ""
            }
        }
    }
}

其他回答

@p4bloch如果你想从一系列捕获括号中捕获结果,那么你需要使用NSTextCheckingResult的rangeAtIndex(index)方法,而不是range。下面是@MartinR针对Swift2的方法,适用于捕获括号。在返回的数组中,第一个结果[0]是整个捕获,然后各个捕获组从[1]开始。我注释掉了map操作(因此更容易看到我所更改的内容),并将其替换为嵌套循环。

func matches(for regex: String!, in text: String!) -> [String] {

    do {
        let regex = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex, options: [])
        let nsString = text as NSString
        let results = regex.matchesInString(text, options: [], range: NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length))
        var match = [String]()
        for result in results {
            for i in 0..<result.numberOfRanges {
                match.append(nsString.substringWithRange( result.rangeAtIndex(i) ))
            }
        }
        return match
        //return results.map { nsString.substringWithRange( $0.range )} //rangeAtIndex(0)
    } catch let error as NSError {
        print("invalid regex: \(error.localizedDescription)")
        return []
    }
}

举个例子,假设你想拆分一串标题年份,比如“Finding Dory 2016”,你可以这样做:

print ( matches(for: "^(.+)\\s(\\d{4})" , in: "Finding Dory 2016"))
// ["Finding Dory 2016", "Finding Dory", "2016"]

Swift 4没有NSString。

extension String {
    func matches(regex: String) -> [String] {
        guard let regex = try? NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex, options: [.caseInsensitive]) else { return [] }
        let matches  = regex.matches(in: self, options: [], range: NSMakeRange(0, self.count))
        return matches.map { match in
            return String(self[Range(match.range, in: self)!])
        }
    }
}

这是一个非常简单的解决方案,它返回一个包含匹配项的字符串数组

斯威夫特3。

internal func stringsMatching(regularExpressionPattern: String, options: NSRegularExpression.Options = []) -> [String] {
        guard let regex = try? NSRegularExpression(pattern: regularExpressionPattern, options: options) else {
            return []
        }

        let nsString = self as NSString
        let results = regex.matches(in: self, options: [], range: NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length))

        return results.map {
            nsString.substring(with: $0.range)
        }
    }

更新@Mike Chirico到Swift 5

extension String{



  func regex(pattern: String) -> [String]?{
    do {
        let regex = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: pattern, options: NSRegularExpression.Options(rawValue: 0))
        let all = NSRange(location: 0, length: count)
        var matches = [String]()
        regex.enumerateMatches(in: self, options: NSRegularExpression.MatchingOptions(rawValue: 0), range: all) {
            (result : NSTextCheckingResult?, _, _) in
              if let r = result {
                    let nsstr = self as NSString
                    let result = nsstr.substring(with: r.range) as String
                    matches.append(result)
              }
        }
        return matches
    } catch {
        return nil
    }
  }
}

上面的大多数解决方案只给出完全匹配,结果忽略了捕获组,例如:^\d+\s+(\d+)

为了获得预期的捕获组匹配,你需要(Swift4):

public extension String {
    public func capturedGroups(withRegex pattern: String) -> [String] {
        var results = [String]()

        var regex: NSRegularExpression
        do {
            regex = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: pattern, options: [])
        } catch {
            return results
        }
        let matches = regex.matches(in: self, options: [], range: NSRange(location:0, length: self.count))

        guard let match = matches.first else { return results }

        let lastRangeIndex = match.numberOfRanges - 1
        guard lastRangeIndex >= 1 else { return results }

        for i in 1...lastRangeIndex {
            let capturedGroupIndex = match.range(at: i)
            let matchedString = (self as NSString).substring(with: capturedGroupIndex)
            results.append(matchedString)
        }

        return results
    }
}