/**
     * execute suppliers as future tasks then wait / join for getting results
     * @param functors a supplier(s) to execute
     * @return a list of results
     */
    private List getResultsInFuture(Supplier<?>... functors) {
        CompletableFuture[] futures = stream(functors)
                .map(CompletableFuture::supplyAsync)
                .collect(Collectors.toList())
                .toArray(new CompletableFuture[functors.length]);
        CompletableFuture.allOf(futures).join();
        return stream(futures).map(a-> {
            try {
                return a.get();
            } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
                //logger.error("an error occurred during runtime execution a function",e);
                return null;
            }
        }).collect(Collectors.toList());
    };

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class Stack2 {   
    public static void waitFor(List<Future<?>> futures) {
        List<Future<?>> futureCopies = new ArrayList<Future<?>>(futures);//contains features for which status has not been completed
        while (!futureCopies.isEmpty()) {//worst case :all task worked without exception, then this method should wait for all tasks
            Iterator<Future<?>> futureCopiesIterator = futureCopies.iterator();
            while (futureCopiesIterator.hasNext()) {
                Future<?> future = futureCopiesIterator.next();
                if (future.isDone()) {//already done
                    futureCopiesIterator.remove();
                    try {
                        future.get();// no longer waiting
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        //ignore
                        //only happen when current Thread interrupted
                    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                        Throwable throwable = e.getCause();// real cause of exception
                        futureCopies.forEach(f -> f.cancel(true));//cancel other tasks that not completed
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        Runnable runnable1 = new Runnable (){
            public void run(){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(5000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        };
        Runnable runnable2 = new Runnable (){
            public void run(){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(4000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        };


        Runnable fail = new Runnable (){
            public void run(){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    throw new RuntimeException("bla bla bla");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        };

        List<Future<?>> futures = Stream.of(runnable1,fail,runnable2)
                .map(executorService::submit)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        double start = System.nanoTime();
        waitFor(futures);
        double end = (System.nanoTime()-start)/1e9;
        System.out.println(end +" seconds");

    }
}

我有一个实用工具类，它包含这些:

@FunctionalInterface
public interface CheckedSupplier<X> {
  X get() throws Throwable;
}

public static <X> Supplier<X> uncheckedSupplier(final CheckedSupplier<X> supplier) {
    return () -> {
        try {
            return supplier.get();
        } catch (final Throwable checkedException) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(checkedException);
        }
    };
}

一旦你有了这些，使用静态导入，你可以像这样简单地等待所有的期货:

futures.stream().forEach(future -> uncheckedSupplier(future::get).get());

你也可以像这样收集他们的所有结果:

List<MyResultType> results = futures.stream()
    .map(future -> uncheckedSupplier(future::get).get())
    .collect(Collectors.toList());

只是重温我的旧帖子，注意到你有另一个悲伤:

但这里的问题是，例如，如果第4个future抛出异常，那么我将不必要地等待前3个future可用。

在这种情况下，简单的解决方案是并行执行:

futures.stream().parallel()
 .forEach(future -> uncheckedSupplier(future::get).get());

这样，第一个异常虽然不会停止future，但会中断foreach语句，就像在串行示例中一样，但由于所有异常都是并行等待的，因此您不必等待前3个异常完成。

您可以使用ExecutorCompletionService。文档甚至为您的确切用例提供了一个示例:

相反，假设你想使用任务集的第一个非空结果，忽略任何遇到异常的任务，并在第一个任务准备就绪时取消所有其他任务:

void solve(Executor e, Collection<Callable<Result>> solvers) throws InterruptedException {
    CompletionService<Result> ecs = new ExecutorCompletionService<Result>(e);
    int n = solvers.size();
    List<Future<Result>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<Result>>(n);
    Result result = null;
    try {
        for (Callable<Result> s : solvers)
            futures.add(ecs.submit(s));
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            try {
                Result r = ecs.take().get();
                if (r != null) {
                    result = r;
                    break;
                }
            } catch (ExecutionException ignore) {
            }
        }
    } finally {
        for (Future<Result> f : futures)
            f.cancel(true);
    }

    if (result != null)
        use(result);
}

这里需要注意的重要一点是，ec .take()将获得第一个完成的任务，而不仅仅是第一个提交的任务。因此，您应该按照完成执行(或抛出异常)的顺序获取它们。

您可以使用CompletionService在期货准备就绪时接收它们，如果其中一个抛出异常，则取消处理。就像这样:

Executor executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
CompletionService<SomeResult> completionService = 
       new ExecutorCompletionService<SomeResult>(executor);

//4 tasks
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
   completionService.submit(new Callable<SomeResult>() {
       public SomeResult call() {
           ...
           return result;
       }
   });
}

int received = 0;
boolean errors = false;

while(received < 4 && !errors) {
      Future<SomeResult> resultFuture = completionService.take(); //blocks if none available
      try {
         SomeResult result = resultFuture.get();
         received ++;
         ... // do something with the result
      }
      catch(Exception e) {
             //log
         errors = true;
      }
}

我认为您可以进一步改进，取消任何仍在执行的任务，如果其中一个抛出错误。

如果你想合并一个列表的CompletableFutures，你可以这样做:

List<CompletableFuture<Void>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
// ... Add futures to this ArrayList of CompletableFutures

// CompletableFuture.allOf() method demand a variadic arguments
// You can use this syntax to pass a List instead
CompletableFuture<Void> allFutures = CompletableFuture.allOf(
            futures.toArray(new CompletableFuture[futures.size()]));

// Wait for all individual CompletableFuture to complete
// All individual CompletableFutures are executed in parallel
allFutures.get();

有关Future和CompletableFuture的更多详细信息，有用的链接: 1. 未来:https://www.baeldung.com/java-future 2. CompletableFuture: https://www.baeldung.com/java-completablefuture 3.CompletableFuture: https://www.callicoder.com/java-8-completablefuture-tutorial/