这只是一个概念，另一个层次的抽象，让你的生活更容易。它们都有共同的接口，这意味着你可以以类似管道的方式组合它们。例如，编码到base64，然后压缩，然后将其写入磁盘，所有这些都在一行中!

我长话短说，我刚才漏掉了这个词:

流是通常存储在包含任何类型数据的缓冲区中的队列。

(现在，既然我们都知道队列是什么，就没有必要进一步解释了。)

流的目的是在您和后台存储之间提供一个抽象层。因此，使用流的给定代码块不需要关心后台存储是磁盘文件、内存等等…

流表示可以按顺序访问的对象序列(通常是字节，但不一定是这样)。流的典型操作:

read one byte. Next time you read, you'll get the next byte, and so on. read several bytes from the stream into an array seek (move your current position in the stream, so that next time you read you get bytes from the new position) write one byte write several bytes from an array into the stream skip bytes from the stream (this is like read, but you ignore the data. Or if you prefer it's like seek but can only go forwards.) push back bytes into an input stream (this is like "undo" for read - you shove a few bytes back up the stream, so that next time you read that's what you'll see. It's occasionally useful for parsers, as is: peek (look at bytes without reading them, so that they're still there in the stream to be read later)

一个特定的流可能支持读(在这种情况下，它是一个“输入流”)，写(“输出流”)或两者都支持。并不是所有的溪流都是可搜索的。

Push back is fairly rare, but you can always add it to a stream by wrapping the real input stream in another input stream that holds an internal buffer. Reads come from the buffer, and if you push back then data is placed in the buffer. If there's nothing in the buffer then the push back stream reads from the real stream. This is a simple example of a "stream adaptor": it sits on the "end" of an input stream, it is an input stream itself, and it does something extra that the original stream didn't.

Stream is a useful abstraction because it can describe files (which are really arrays, hence seek is straightforward) but also terminal input/output (which is not seekable unless buffered), sockets, serial ports, etc. So you can write code which says either "I want some data, and I don't care where it comes from or how it got here", or "I'll produce some data, and it's entirely up to my caller what happens to it". The former takes an input stream parameter, the latter takes an output stream parameter.

我能想到的最好的比喻是，溪流是一条传送带，向你走来或离开你(有时两者兼而有之)。你从输入流中取出东西，你把东西放到输出流中。有些传送带你可以认为是从墙上的一个洞里出来的——它们是不可寻找的，阅读或写作是一次性的交易。一些传送带就摆在你面前，你可以在溪流中选择你想读/写的位置——这就是寻找。

As IRBMe says, though, it's best to think of a stream in terms of the operations it offers (which vary from implementation to implementation, but have a lot in common) rather than by a physical analogy. Streams are "things you can read or write". When you start connecting up stream adaptors, you can think of them as a box with a conveyor in, and a conveyor out, that you connect to other streams and then the box performs some transformation on the data (zipping it, or changing UNIX linefeeds to DOS ones, or whatever). Pipes are another thorough test of the metaphor: that's where you create a pair of streams such that anything you write into one can be read out of the other. Think wormholes :-)

这只是一个概念，另一个层次的抽象，让你的生活更容易。它们都有共同的接口，这意味着你可以以类似管道的方式组合它们。例如，编码到base64，然后压缩，然后将其写入磁盘，所有这些都在一行中!

之所以选择“流”这个词，是因为它(在现实生活中)与我们使用它时想要传达的意思非常相似。

Let's forget about the backing store for a little, and start thinking about the analogy to a water stream. You receive a continuous flow of data, just like water continuously flows in a river. You don't necessarily know where the data is coming from, and most often you don't need to; be it from a file, a socket, or any other source, it doesn't (shouldn't) really matter. This is very similar to receiving a stream of water, whereby you don't need to know where it is coming from; be it from a lake, a fountain, or any other source, it doesn't (shouldn't) really matter.

也就是说，一旦您开始认为您只关心获得所需的数据，而不管数据来自何处，其他人谈论的抽象概念就会变得更加清晰。您开始认为可以包装流，并且您的方法仍然可以完美地工作。例如，你可以这样做:

int ReadInt(StreamReader reader) { return Int32.Parse(reader.ReadLine()); }

// in another method:
Stream fileStream = new FileStream("My Data.dat");
Stream zipStream = new ZipDecompressorStream(fileStream);
Stream decryptedStream = new DecryptionStream(zipStream);
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(decryptedStream);

int x = ReadInt(reader);

如您所见，在不改变处理逻辑的情况下更改输入源变得非常容易。例如，要从网络套接字而不是文件读取数据:

Stream stream = new NetworkStream(mySocket);
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream);
int x = ReadInt(reader);

尽可能的简单。而且美妙之处还在继续，因为您可以使用任何类型的输入源，只要您可以为它构建一个流“包装器”。你甚至可以这样做:

public class RandomNumbersStreamReader : StreamReader {
    private Random random = new Random();

    public String ReadLine() { return random.Next().ToString(); }
}

// and to call it:
int x = ReadInt(new RandomNumbersStreamReader());

看到了吗?只要您的方法不关心输入源是什么，您就可以以各种方式自定义源。抽象允许您以一种非常优雅的方式将输入与处理逻辑解耦。

请注意，我们自己创建的流没有备份存储，但它仍然完美地满足了我们的目的。

所以，总的来说，流只是一个输入源，隐藏(抽象)了另一个源。只要你不打破抽象，你的代码就会非常灵活。