为了说明这一点,假设我有如下两个表:

VehicleID Name
1         Chuck
2         Larry

LocationID VehicleID City
1          1         New York
2          1         Seattle
3          1         Vancouver
4          2         Los Angeles
5          2         Houston

我想写一个查询返回以下结果:

VehicleID Name    Locations
1         Chuck   New York, Seattle, Vancouver
2         Larry   Los Angeles, Houston

我知道这可以使用服务器端游标完成,即:

DECLARE @VehicleID int
DECLARE @VehicleName varchar(100)
DECLARE @LocationCity varchar(100)
DECLARE @Locations varchar(4000)
DECLARE @Results TABLE
(
  VehicleID int
  Name varchar(100)
  Locations varchar(4000)
)

DECLARE VehiclesCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT
  [VehicleID]
, [Name]
FROM [Vehicles]

OPEN VehiclesCursor

FETCH NEXT FROM VehiclesCursor INTO
  @VehicleID
, @VehicleName
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN

  SET @Locations = ''

  DECLARE LocationsCursor CURSOR FOR
  SELECT
    [City]
  FROM [Locations]
  WHERE [VehicleID] = @VehicleID

  OPEN LocationsCursor

  FETCH NEXT FROM LocationsCursor INTO
    @LocationCity
  WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
  BEGIN
    SET @Locations = @Locations + @LocationCity

    FETCH NEXT FROM LocationsCursor INTO
      @LocationCity
  END
  CLOSE LocationsCursor
  DEALLOCATE LocationsCursor

  INSERT INTO @Results (VehicleID, Name, Locations) SELECT @VehicleID, @Name, @Locations

END     
CLOSE VehiclesCursor
DEALLOCATE VehiclesCursor

SELECT * FROM @Results

然而,正如您所看到的,这需要大量的代码。我想要的是一个泛型函数,允许我做这样的事情:

SELECT VehicleID
     , Name
     , JOIN(SELECT City FROM Locations WHERE VehicleID = Vehicles.VehicleID, ', ') AS Locations
FROM Vehicles

这可能吗?或者类似的东西?


当前回答

我通过创建以下函数找到了一个解决方案:

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[JoinTexts]
(
  @delimiter VARCHAR(20) ,
  @whereClause VARCHAR(1)
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(MAX)
AS 
BEGIN
    DECLARE @Texts VARCHAR(MAX)

    SELECT  @Texts = COALESCE(@Texts + @delimiter, '') + T.Texto
    FROM    SomeTable AS T
    WHERE   T.SomeOtherColumn = @whereClause

    RETURN @Texts
END
GO

用法:

SELECT dbo.JoinTexts(' , ', 'Y')

其他回答

下面的代码将适用于Sql Server 2000/2005/2008

CREATE FUNCTION fnConcatVehicleCities(@VehicleId SMALLINT)
RETURNS VARCHAR(1000) AS
BEGIN
  DECLARE @csvCities VARCHAR(1000)
  SELECT @csvCities = COALESCE(@csvCities + ', ', '') + COALESCE(City,'')
  FROM Vehicles 
  WHERE VehicleId = @VehicleId 
  return @csvCities
END

-- //Once the User defined function is created then run the below sql

SELECT VehicleID
     , dbo.fnConcatVehicleCities(VehicleId) AS Locations
FROM Vehicles
GROUP BY VehicleID

我不相信有一种方法可以在一个查询中完成它,但你可以用一个临时变量来玩这样的技巧:

declare @s varchar(max)
set @s = ''
select @s = @s + City + ',' from Locations

select @s

这绝对比在游标上移动要少的代码,而且可能更有效率。

试试这个查询

SELECT v.VehicleId, v.Name, ll.LocationList
FROM Vehicles v 
LEFT JOIN 
    (SELECT 
     DISTINCT
        VehicleId,
        REPLACE(
            REPLACE(
                REPLACE(
                    (
                        SELECT City as c 
                        FROM Locations x 
                        WHERE x.VehicleID = l.VehicleID FOR XML PATH('')
                    ),    
                    '</c><c>',', '
                 ),
             '<c>',''
            ),
        '</c>', ''
        ) AS LocationList
    FROM Locations l
) ll ON ll.VehicleId = v.VehicleId

版本注意:此解决方案必须使用SQL Server 2005或更高版本,并将兼容性级别设置为90或更高版本。

请参阅这篇MSDN文章,了解创建用户定义聚合函数的第一个示例,该函数连接从表中的列获取的一组字符串值。

我的建议是去掉附加的逗号,这样您就可以使用自己的特殊分隔符(如果有的话)。

参考示例1的c#版本:

change:  this.intermediateResult.Append(value.Value).Append(',');
    to:  this.intermediateResult.Append(value.Value);

And

change:  output = this.intermediateResult.ToString(0, this.intermediateResult.Length - 1);
    to:  output = this.intermediateResult.ToString();

这样,当你使用你的自定义聚合时,你可以选择使用你自己的分隔符,或者根本不使用,例如:

SELECT dbo.CONCATENATE(column1 + '|') from table1

注意:要注意您试图在聚合中处理的数据量。如果你试图连接数千行或许多非常大的数据类型,你可能会得到一个。net Framework错误,说明“[t]他缓冲区不足。”

如果你使用的是SQL Server 2005,你可以使用FOR XML PATH命令。

SELECT [VehicleID]
     , [Name]
     , (STUFF((SELECT CAST(', ' + [City] AS VARCHAR(MAX)) 
         FROM [Location] 
         WHERE (VehicleID = Vehicle.VehicleID) 
         FOR XML PATH ('')), 1, 2, '')) AS Locations
FROM [Vehicle]

这比使用光标容易得多,而且似乎工作得相当好。

更新

对于那些在新版本的SQL Server中仍然使用这种方法的人来说,还有另一种方法,它更简单,性能更好 自SQL Server 2017以来已经可用的STRING_AGG方法。

SELECT  [VehicleID]
       ,[Name]
       ,(SELECT STRING_AGG([City], ', ')
         FROM [Location]
         WHERE VehicleID = V.VehicleID) AS Locations
FROM   [Vehicle] V

这还允许将不同的分隔符指定为第二个参数,比前一种方法提供了更多的灵活性。