我有一个我正在构建的Python程序,可以以两种方式之一运行:第一种是调用Python main.py,它会以友好的方式提示用户输入,然后通过程序运行用户输入。另一种方法是调用python batch.py -file-它将传递所有友好的输入收集,并通过程序一次性运行整个文件的输入值。

问题是,当我运行batch.py时,它从main.py中导入了一些变量/方法/等,当它运行以下代码时:

import main

在程序的第一行,它立即出错,因为它试图运行main.py中的代码。

如何阻止Python运行我正在导入的主模块中包含的代码?


当前回答

使用if __name__ == '__main__'习惯用法——__name__是一个特殊变量,如果模块作为脚本运行,其值为'__main__',如果模块被导入,则为模块名。所以你会这样做

# imports
# class/function definitions
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # code here will only run when you invoke 'python main.py'

其他回答

不幸的是,你不知道。这是导入语法工作的一部分,它这样做很重要——记住def实际上是执行的东西,如果Python不执行导入,你就会,嗯,没有函数。

不过,由于您可能有权访问该文件,因此您可能能够查看导致错误的原因。可以通过修改环境来防止错误的发生。

使用if __name__ == '__main__'习惯用法——__name__是一个特殊变量,如果模块作为脚本运行,其值为'__main__',如果模块被导入,则为模块名。所以你会这样做

# imports
# class/function definitions
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # code here will only run when you invoke 'python main.py'

我做了一个简单的测试:

# test.py

x = 1
print("1, has it been executed?")


def t1():
     print("hello")
     print("2, has it been executed?")


def t2():
     print("world")
     print("3, has it been executed?")


def main():
     print("Hello World")
     print("4, has it been executed?")


print("5, has it been executed?")
print(x)

# while True:
# t2()

if x == 1:
     print("6, has it been executed?")

# test2.py

import test

当执行或运行test2.py时,运行结果:

1, has it been executed?

5, has it been executed?

1

6, has it been executed?

结论:当导入的模块没有添加if __name__=="__main__":时,当前模块将运行,导入模块中不在函数中的代码将按顺序执行,而函数中未调用的代码将不执行。

此外:

def main():
    # Put all your code you need to execute directly when this script run directly.
    pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main() 
else:
    # Put functions you need to be executed only whenever imported

有一个Python增强提案PEP 299,旨在用def __main__:取代if __name__ == '__main__':习语,但它被拒绝了。在使用if __name__ = '__main__':)时,这仍然是一个很好的阅读来了解应该记住什么。

A minor error that could happen (at least it happened to me), especially when distributing python scripts/functions that carry out a complete analysis, was to call the function directly at the end of the function .py file. The only things a user needed to modify were the input files and parameters. Doing so when you import you'll get the function running immediately. For proper behavior, you simply need to remove the inside call to the function and reserve it for the real calling file/function/portion of code