我知道什么是a。在循环中(它在键上迭代),但我听说for…的第一次(它遍历值)。

我对……感到困惑。的循环。

var arr = [3, 5, 7];
arr.foo = "hello";
    
for (var i in arr) {
  console.log(i); // logs "0", "1", "2", "foo"
}
    
for (var i of arr) {
  console.log(i); // logs "3", "5", "7"
  // it doesn't log "3", "5", "7", "hello"
}

我理解为……Of迭代属性值。那为什么它记录的不是"3" "5" "7" "hello"而是"3" "5" "7"

不像……循环中,遍历每个键("0","1","2","foo"),也遍历foo键,for…Of不会遍历foo属性的值,即“hello”。为什么会这样?

在此我为……的循环。它应该日志“3”,“5”,“7”,“你好”,但日志“3”,“5”,“7”。为什么?

例子链接


当前回答

每个人都解释了为什么会出现这个问题,但是仍然很容易忘记它,然后挠头为什么会得到错误的结果。尤其是当你处理大量数据时,乍一看结果似乎还不错。

使用对象。你确保去所有属性的条目:

var arr = [3, 5, 7];
arr.foo = "hello";

for ( var [key, val] of Object.entries( arr ) ) {
   console.log( val );
}

/* Result:

3
5
7
hello

*/

其他回答

简单来说,forIN遍历数组(索引)/对象(键)中的key, 而forOF则遍历数组(value)的值。

为…In语句以任意顺序遍历对象的可枚举属性。 可枚举属性是那些内部[[Enumerable]]标志被设置为true的属性,因此如果原型链中有任何可枚举属性,for…In循环也会迭代这些。

为…语句对iterable对象定义的要迭代的数据进行迭代。

例子:

Object.prototype.objCustom = function() {}; 
Array.prototype.arrCustom = function() {};

let iterable = [3, 5, 7];

for (let i in iterable) {
  console.log(i); // logs: 0, 1, 2, "arrCustom", "objCustom"
}

for (let i in iterable) {
  if (iterable.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
    console.log(i); // logs: 0, 1, 2,
  }
}

for (let i of iterable) {
  console.log(i); // logs: 3, 5, 7
}

像前面一样,你可以跳过添加hasOwnProperty在…的循环。

//for in,迭代对象中的键和数组中的索引

 let obj={a:1, b:2}
    
    for( const key in obj)
      console.log(obj[key]); //would print 1 and 2
      console.log(key);      //would print a and b

 let arr = [10, 11, 12, 13];

  for (const item in arr) 
    console.log(item);   //would print 0 1 2 3

//for of,迭代数组或任何可迭代对象中的值

let arr = [10, 11, 12, 13];

for (const item of arr )
  console.log(item);  //would print 10  11  12  13

我在迭代器和生成器中找到了完整的答案(虽然它适用于TypeScript,但也适用于JavaScript)

Both for..of and for..in statements iterate over lists; the values iterated on are different though, for..in returns a list of keys on the object being iterated, whereas for..of returns a list of values of the numeric properties of the object being iterated. Here is an example that demonstrates this distinction: let list = [4, 5, 6]; for (let i in list) { console.log(i); // "0", "1", "2", } for (let i of list) { console.log(i); // "4", "5", "6" } Another distinction is that for..in operates on any object; it serves as a way to inspect properties on this object. for..of on the other hand, is mainly interested in values of iterable objects. Built-in objects like Map and Set implement Symbol.iterator property allowing access to stored values. let pets = new Set(["Cat", "Dog", "Hamster"]); pets["species"] = "mammals"; for (let pet in pets) { console.log(pet); // "species" } for (let pet of pets) { console.log(pet); // "Cat", "Dog", "Hamster" }

这两个循环之间的另一个区别,之前没有人提到过:

解构……In已弃用。用于……相反。

因此,如果我们想在循环中使用解构,为了获取每个数组元素的索引和值,我们应该使用for…使用Array方法条目():

for (const [idx, el] of arr.entries()) {
    console.log( idx + ': ' + el );
}