当在bash或*NIX中的任何其他shell中编写脚本时，在运行需要超过几秒钟时间的命令时，需要一个进度条。
例如，复制一个大文件，打开一个大tar文件。
你建议用什么方法向shell脚本添加进度条?
当前回答
基于Edouard Lopez的工作，我创建了一个适合屏幕大小的进度条。来看看。
它也发布在Git Hub上。
#!/bin/bash
#
# Progress bar by Adriano Pinaffo
# Available at https://github.com/adriano-pinaffo/progressbar.sh
# Inspired on work by Edouard Lopez (https://github.com/edouard-lopez/progress-bar.sh)
# Version 1.0
# Date April, 28th 2017
function error {
echo "Usage: $0 [SECONDS]"
case $1 in
1) echo "Pass one argument only"
exit 1
;;
2) echo "Parameter must be a number"
exit 2
;;
*) echo "Unknown error"
exit 999
esac
}
[[ $# -ne 1 ]] && error 1
[[ $1 =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || error 2
duration=${1}
barsize=$((`tput cols` - 7))
unity=$(($barsize / $duration))
increment=$(($barsize%$duration))
skip=$(($duration/($duration-$increment)))
curr_bar=0
prev_bar=
for (( elapsed=1; elapsed<=$duration; elapsed++ ))
do
# Elapsed
prev_bar=$curr_bar
let curr_bar+=$unity
[[ $increment -eq 0 ]] || {
[[ $skip -eq 1 ]] &&
{ [[ $(($elapsed%($duration/$increment))) -eq 0 ]] && let curr_bar++; } ||
{ [[ $(($elapsed%$skip)) -ne 0 ]] && let curr_bar++; }
}
[[ $elapsed -eq 1 && $increment -eq 1 && $skip -ne 1 ]] && let curr_bar++
[[ $(($barsize-$curr_bar)) -eq 1 ]] && let curr_bar++
[[ $curr_bar -lt $barsize ]] || curr_bar=$barsize
for (( filled=0; filled<=$curr_bar; filled++ )); do
printf "▇"
done
# Remaining
for (( remain=$curr_bar; remain<$barsize; remain++ )); do
printf " "
done
# Percentage
printf "| %s%%" $(( ($elapsed*100)/$duration))
# Return
sleep 1
printf "\r"
done
printf "\n"
exit 0
享受
其他回答
GNU tar有一个有用的选项，它提供了一个简单的进度条功能。
(…)另一个可用的检查点操作是' dot '(或' . ')。它指示tar在标准列表流上打印单个点，例如:
$ tar -c --checkpoint=1000 --checkpoint-action=dot /var
...
同样的效果可以通过:
$ tar -c --checkpoint=.1000 /var
基于Edouard Lopez的工作，我创建了一个适合屏幕大小的进度条。来看看。
它也发布在Git Hub上。
#!/bin/bash
#
# Progress bar by Adriano Pinaffo
# Available at https://github.com/adriano-pinaffo/progressbar.sh
# Inspired on work by Edouard Lopez (https://github.com/edouard-lopez/progress-bar.sh)
# Version 1.0
# Date April, 28th 2017
function error {
echo "Usage: $0 [SECONDS]"
case $1 in
1) echo "Pass one argument only"
exit 1
;;
2) echo "Parameter must be a number"
exit 2
;;
*) echo "Unknown error"
exit 999
esac
}
[[ $# -ne 1 ]] && error 1
[[ $1 =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || error 2
duration=${1}
barsize=$((`tput cols` - 7))
unity=$(($barsize / $duration))
increment=$(($barsize%$duration))
skip=$(($duration/($duration-$increment)))
curr_bar=0
prev_bar=
for (( elapsed=1; elapsed<=$duration; elapsed++ ))
do
# Elapsed
prev_bar=$curr_bar
let curr_bar+=$unity
[[ $increment -eq 0 ]] || {
[[ $skip -eq 1 ]] &&
{ [[ $(($elapsed%($duration/$increment))) -eq 0 ]] && let curr_bar++; } ||
{ [[ $(($elapsed%$skip)) -ne 0 ]] && let curr_bar++; }
}
[[ $elapsed -eq 1 && $increment -eq 1 && $skip -ne 1 ]] && let curr_bar++
[[ $(($barsize-$curr_bar)) -eq 1 ]] && let curr_bar++
[[ $curr_bar -lt $barsize ]] || curr_bar=$barsize
for (( filled=0; filled<=$curr_bar; filled++ )); do
printf "▇"
done
# Remaining
for (( remain=$curr_bar; remain<$barsize; remain++ )); do
printf " "
done
# Percentage
printf "| %s%%" $(( ($elapsed*100)/$duration))
# Return
sleep 1
printf "\r"
done
printf "\n"
exit 0
享受
大多数unix命令不会为您提供可以执行此操作的直接反馈。 有些将在您可以使用的stdout或stderr上提供输出。
对于tar之类的东西，您可以使用-v开关并将输出管道到一个程序，该程序为读取的每一行更新一个小动画。当tar写出一个文件列表时，程序可以更新动画。要计算完成百分比，您必须知道文件的数量并计算行数。
据我所知，cp没有给出这种输出。要监视cp的进程，必须监视源文件和目标文件，并监视目标文件的大小。你可以写一个小的c程序，使用stat(2)系统调用来获取文件大小。这将读取源文件的大小，然后轮询目标文件，并根据到目前为止写入的文件的大小更新% complete条。
My solution displays the percentage of the tarball that is currently being uncompressed and written. I use this when writing out 2GB root filesystem images. You really need a progress bar for these things. What I do is use gzip --list to get the total uncompressed size of the tarball. From that I calculate the blocking-factor needed to divide the file into 100 parts. Finally, I print a checkpoint message for each block. For a 2GB file this gives about 10MB a block. If that is too big then you can divide the BLOCKING_FACTOR by 10 or 100, but then it's harder to print pretty output in terms of a percentage.
假设您正在使用Bash，那么您可以使用 shell函数
untar_progress ()
{
TARBALL=$1
BLOCKING_FACTOR=$(gzip --list ${TARBALL} |
perl -MPOSIX -ane '$.==2 && print ceil $F[1]/50688')
tar --blocking-factor=${BLOCKING_FACTOR} --checkpoint=1 \
--checkpoint-action='ttyout=Wrote %u% \r' -zxf ${TARBALL}
}
APT风格的进度条(不中断正常输出)
编辑:更新版本检查我的github页面
我对这个问题的回答不满意。我个人想要的是一个花哨的进度条，就像APT看到的那样。
我查看了APT的C源代码，并决定为bash编写自己的等效代码。
这个进度条将很好地停留在终端的底部，不会干扰发送到终端的任何输出。
请注意，该栏目前固定在100字符宽。如果你想把它缩放到终端的大小，这也很容易实现(我的github页面上的更新版本处理得很好)。
我将在这里发布我的脚本。 使用的例子:
source ./progress_bar.sh
echo "This is some output"
setup_scroll_area
sleep 1
echo "This is some output 2"
draw_progress_bar 10
sleep 1
echo "This is some output 3"
draw_progress_bar 50
sleep 1
echo "This is some output 4"
draw_progress_bar 90
sleep 1
echo "This is some output 5"
destroy_scroll_area
脚本(我强烈推荐我的github上的版本):
#!/bin/bash
# This code was inspired by the open source C code of the APT progress bar
# http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-branches/ubuntu/trusty/apt/trusty/view/head:/apt-pkg/install-progress.cc#L233
#
# Usage:
# Source this script
# setup_scroll_area
# draw_progress_bar 10
# draw_progress_bar 90
# destroy_scroll_area
#
CODE_SAVE_CURSOR="\033[s"
CODE_RESTORE_CURSOR="\033[u"
CODE_CURSOR_IN_SCROLL_AREA="\033[1A"
COLOR_FG="\e[30m"
COLOR_BG="\e[42m"
RESTORE_FG="\e[39m"
RESTORE_BG="\e[49m"
function setup_scroll_area() {
lines=$(tput lines)
let lines=$lines-1
# Scroll down a bit to avoid visual glitch when the screen area shrinks by one row
echo -en "\n"
# Save cursor
echo -en "$CODE_SAVE_CURSOR"
# Set scroll region (this will place the cursor in the top left)
echo -en "\033[0;${lines}r"
# Restore cursor but ensure its inside the scrolling area
echo -en "$CODE_RESTORE_CURSOR"
echo -en "$CODE_CURSOR_IN_SCROLL_AREA"
# Start empty progress bar
draw_progress_bar 0
}
function destroy_scroll_area() {
lines=$(tput lines)
# Save cursor
echo -en "$CODE_SAVE_CURSOR"
# Set scroll region (this will place the cursor in the top left)
echo -en "\033[0;${lines}r"
# Restore cursor but ensure its inside the scrolling area
echo -en "$CODE_RESTORE_CURSOR"
echo -en "$CODE_CURSOR_IN_SCROLL_AREA"
# We are done so clear the scroll bar
clear_progress_bar
# Scroll down a bit to avoid visual glitch when the screen area grows by one row
echo -en "\n\n"
}
function draw_progress_bar() {
percentage=$1
lines=$(tput lines)
let lines=$lines
# Save cursor
echo -en "$CODE_SAVE_CURSOR"
# Move cursor position to last row
echo -en "\033[${lines};0f"
# Clear progress bar
tput el
# Draw progress bar
print_bar_text $percentage
# Restore cursor position
echo -en "$CODE_RESTORE_CURSOR"
}
function clear_progress_bar() {
lines=$(tput lines)
let lines=$lines
# Save cursor
echo -en "$CODE_SAVE_CURSOR"
# Move cursor position to last row
echo -en "\033[${lines};0f"
# clear progress bar
tput el
# Restore cursor position
echo -en "$CODE_RESTORE_CURSOR"
}
function print_bar_text() {
local percentage=$1
# Prepare progress bar
let remainder=100-$percentage
progress_bar=$(echo -ne "["; echo -en "${COLOR_FG}${COLOR_BG}"; printf_new "#" $percentage; echo -en "${RESTORE_FG}${RESTORE_BG}"; printf_new "." $remainder; echo -ne "]");
# Print progress bar
if [ $1 -gt 99 ]
then
echo -ne "${progress_bar}"
else
echo -ne "${progress_bar}"
fi
}
printf_new() {
str=$1
num=$2
v=$(printf "%-${num}s" "$str")
echo -ne "${v// /$str}"
}
