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2023-02-28 06:00:00

如何使用cURL发布JSON数据？

我使用Ubuntu并在上面安装了cURL。我想用cURL测试我的SpringREST应用程序。我在Java端编写了POST代码。然而，我想用cURL测试它。我正在尝试发布JSON数据。示例数据如下：

{"value":"30","type":"Tip 3","targetModule":"Target 3","configurationGroup":null,"name":"Configuration Deneme 3","description":null,"identity":"Configuration Deneme 3","version":0,"systemId":3,"active":true}

我使用以下命令：

curl -i \
    -H "Accept: application/json" \
    -H "X-HTTP-Method-Override: PUT" \
    -X POST -d "value":"30","type":"Tip 3","targetModule":"Target 3","configurationGroup":null,"name":"Configuration Deneme 3","description":null,"identity":"Configuration Deneme 3","version":0,"systemId":3,"active":true \
    http://localhost:8080/xx/xxx/xxxx

它返回以下错误：

HTTP/1.1 415 Unsupported Media Type
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 1051
Date: Wed, 24 Aug 2011 08:50:17 GMT

错误描述如下：

服务器拒绝了此请求，因为请求实体的格式不受请求方法（）的请求资源支持。

Tomcat日志：“POST/ui/webapp/conf/clearHTTP/1.1”415 1051

cURL命令的正确格式是什么？

这是我的Java端PUT代码（我测试过GET和DELETE，它们都有效）：

@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public Configuration updateConfiguration(HttpServletResponse response, @RequestBody Configuration configuration) { //consider @Valid tag
    configuration.setName("PUT worked");
    //todo If error occurs response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
    return configuration;
}

当前回答

根据Anand Rockzz的回答，以下是我在GitHub Actions上对此所做的操作。由于EOF标签，这有点棘手。

我的目标是在Vercel部署完成后发送HTTP调用（类似于webhook）。

这个真实世界的例子可能会帮助其他人。

send-webhook-callback-once-deployment-ready:
  name: Invoke webhook callback url defined by the customer (Ubuntu 18.04)
  runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
  needs: await-for-vercel-deployment
  steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v1 # Get last commit pushed - See https://github.com/actions/checkout
    - name: Expose GitHub slug/short variables # See https://github.com/rlespinasse/github-slug-action#exposed-github-environment-variables
      uses: rlespinasse/github-slug-action@v3.x # See https://github.com/rlespinasse/github-slug-action
    - name: Expose git environment variables and call webhook (if provided)
      # Workflow overview:
      #  - Resolves webhook url from customer config file
      #  - If a webhook url was defined, send a
      run: |
        MANUAL_TRIGGER_CUSTOMER="${{ github.event.inputs.customer}}"
        CUSTOMER_REF_TO_DEPLOY="${MANUAL_TRIGGER_CUSTOMER:-$(cat vercel.json | jq --raw-output '.build.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_CUSTOMER_REF')}"

        VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_COMPLETED_WEBHOOK=$(cat vercel.$CUSTOMER_REF_TO_DEPLOY.staging.json | jq --raw-output '.build.env.VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_COMPLETED_WEBHOOK')

        # Checking if a webhook url is defined
        if [ -n "$VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_COMPLETED_WEBHOOK" ]; then
          # Run script that populates git-related variables as ENV variables
          echo "Running script populate-git-env.sh"
          . ./scripts/populate-git-env.sh

          echo "Resolved git variables:"
          echo "'GIT_COMMIT_SHA': $GIT_COMMIT_SHA"
          echo "'GIT_COMMIT_REF': $GIT_COMMIT_REF"
          echo "'GIT_COMMIT_TAGS': $GIT_COMMIT_TAGS"

          # Generates JSON using a bash function - See https://stackoverflow.com/a/57369772/2391795
          # "End Of File" must be at the beginning of the line with no space/tab before or after - See https://stackoverflow.com/a/12909284/2391795
          # But, when executed by GitHub Action, it must be inside the "run" section instead
          generate_post_data() {
            cat <<EOF
          {
            "MANUAL_TRIGGER_CUSTOMER": "${MANUAL_TRIGGER_CUSTOMER}",
            "CUSTOMER_REF": "${CUSTOMER_REF_TO_DEPLOY}",
            "STAGE": "staging",
            "GIT_COMMIT_SHA": "${GIT_COMMIT_SHA}",
            "GIT_COMMIT_REF": "${GIT_COMMIT_REF}",
            "GIT_COMMIT_TAGS": "${GIT_COMMIT_TAGS}",
            "GITHUB_REF_SLUG": "${GITHUB_REF_SLUG}",
            "GITHUB_HEAD_REF_SLUG": "${GITHUB_HEAD_REF_SLUG}",
            "GITHUB_BASE_REF_SLUG": "${GITHUB_BASE_REF_SLUG}",
            "GITHUB_EVENT_REF_SLUG": "${GITHUB_EVENT_REF_SLUG}",
            "GITHUB_REPOSITORY_SLUG": "${GITHUB_REPOSITORY_SLUG}",
            "GITHUB_REF_SLUG_URL": "${GITHUB_REF_SLUG_URL}",
            "GITHUB_HEAD_REF_SLUG_URL": "${GITHUB_HEAD_REF_SLUG_URL}",
            "GITHUB_BASE_REF_SLUG_URL": "${GITHUB_BASE_REF_SLUG_URL}",
            "GITHUB_EVENT_REF_SLUG_URL": "${GITHUB_EVENT_REF_SLUG_URL}",
            "GITHUB_REPOSITORY_SLUG_URL": "${GITHUB_REPOSITORY_SLUG_URL}",
            "GITHUB_SHA_SHORT": "${GITHUB_SHA_SHORT}"
          }
        EOF
          }

          echo "Print generate_post_data():"
          echo "$(generate_post_data)"

          echo "Calling webhook at '$VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_COMPLETED_WEBHOOK'"
          echo "Sending HTTP request (curl):"
          curl POST \
            "$VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_COMPLETED_WEBHOOK" \
            -vs \
            --header "Accept: application/json" \
            --header "Content-type: application/json" \
            --data "$(generate_post_data)" \
            2>&1 | sed '/^* /d; /bytes data]$/d; s/> //; s/< //'

          # XXX See https://stackoverflow.com/a/54225157/2391795
          # -vs - add headers (-v) but remove progress bar (-s)
          # 2>&1 - combine stdout and stderr into single stdout
          # sed - edit response produced by curl using the commands below
          #   /^* /d - remove lines starting with '* ' (technical info)
          #   /bytes data]$/d - remove lines ending with 'bytes data]' (technical info)
          #   s/> // - remove '> ' prefix
          #   s/< // - remove '< ' prefix

        else
          echo "No webhook url defined in 'vercel.$CUSTOMER_REF_TO_DEPLOY.staging.json:.build.env.VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_COMPLETED_WEBHOOK' (found '$VERCEL_DEPLOYMENT_COMPLETED_WEBHOOK')"
        fi
2020-12-30 15:00:38

其他回答

--json＜data＞将POST请求中指定的json数据发送到HTTP服务器。

卷曲7.82.0+

# Send a basic JSON object
curl --json '{"name":"xyz","breed":"xyz","age":100}' http://127.0.0.1:3000/cats

# letter @, read the data from a file
curl --json @cat.txt http://127.0.0.1:3000/cats

# letter -, read the data from stdin
echo '{"name":"xyz","breed":"xyz","age":100}' | curl --json @- http://127.0.0.1:3000/cats

卷曲7.82.0-

curl -X POST --header "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"name":"xyz","breed":"xyz","age":100}' http://127.0.0.1:3000/cats

https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#--json文件

2022-11-12 08:26:33

TL；博士：

使用神圣的三位一体，jo+curl+jq（或fx）：

jo value=30 type="Tip 3" targetModule="Target 3" configurationGroup=null name="Configuration Deneme 3" description=null identity="Configuration Deneme 3" | \
curl --json @- \
    -X POST \
    http://localhost:8080/xx/xxx/xxxx | \
jq

这将涵盖丢失的必要标头：无需显式定义Content-Type和Accept标头。

使用--json的新卷曲方式

2022年3月初，curl发布了一个新的命令行参数——json，版本为7.82.0。这允许通过JSON发送快捷方式，并且无需定义缺少的ContentType和Accept标头，因为这些标头是自动假定的，因此减少了错误风险：

curl --json '{"tool": "curl"}' https://example.com/

但等等。。。还有更多。不要将json参数定义为curl命令行的字符串，而是使用漂亮的joCLI工具将json定义为一系列键-值对，并通过curl管道输出。仅使用jo来定义JSON，其工作方式如下：

 > jo -p value=30 type="Tip 3" targetModule="Target 3" configurationGroup=null name="Configuration Deneme 3" description=null identity="Configuration Deneme 3"
version=0 systemId=3 active=true
{
   "value": 30,
   "type": "Tip 3",
   "targetModule": "Target 3",
   "configurationGroup": null,
   "name": "Configuration Deneme 3",
   "description": null,
   "identity": "Configuration Deneme 3",
   "version": 0,
   "systemId": 3,
   "active": true
}

现在让我们用一个类似的curl命令来展示这一点，但没有额外的头，并使用jo+jq来实现良好的输出：

jo value=30 type="Tip 3" targetModule="Target 3" configurationGroup=null name="Configuration Deneme 3" description=null identity="Configuration Deneme 3" | \
curl --json @- \
    -X POST \
    http://localhost:8080/xx/xxx/xxxx | \
jq

免费API示例

使用免费模拟API进行演示：

> jo title="Blog Post" body="lorem ipsum" userId=33 | \
curl --json @- \
    -X POST \
    https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts | \
jq

由于jq，输出格式很好：

{
  "title": "Blog Post",
  "body": "lorem ipsum",
  "userId": 33,
  "id": 101
}
2022-02-08 01:19:07

我使用以下格式在web服务器上进行测试。

use -F 'json data'

让我们假设JSON dict格式：

{
    'comment': {
        'who':'some_one',
        'desc' : 'get it'
    }
}

完整示例

curl -XPOST your_address/api -F comment='{"who":"some_one", "desc":"get it"}'
2014-01-10 06:49:46

简单的是

curl -X POST https://localhost:3000/ 
   -H "Content-Type: application/json"
   -d '{"productId": 123456, "quantity": 100}'
2022-10-17 06:50:13

如果您正在针对RESTful接口测试大量JSON发送/响应，您可能需要查看Postman插件for Chrome（允许您手动定义web服务测试）及其基于Node.js的Newman命令行同伴（允许您针对Postman测试的“集合”自动测试）。免费且开放！

2014-05-23 13:34:21

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