有一对带有sys。argv[1:](一个非常常见的Python习语，用于引用命令行参数，即sys. argv[1:])。Argv[0]脚本的名称)，可以完成这项工作。

第一个是不言自明的、干净的、python式的:

args = parser.parse_args(None if sys.argv[1:] else ['-h'])

第二个问题有点棘手。结合前面评估的事实，一个空列表是False与True == 1和False == 0等价，你得到:

args = parser.parse_args([None, ['-h']][not sys.argv[1:]])

也许括号太多了，但如果之前做了参数选择就很清楚了。

_, *av = sys.argv
args = parser.parse_args([None, ['-h']][not av])

我喜欢让事情尽可能简单，这很有效:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
Description = """Tool description"""
Epilog  = """toolname.py -a aflag -b bflag  with these combined it does blah"""
arg_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
    formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
    description=Description, 
    epilog=Epilog,
)
    try:
        if len(sys.argv) == 1:
            arg_parser.print_help()
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

这就是我如何开始我的所有工具，因为它总是好的包括一些例子

可以使用try/except来代替编写类

try:
    options = parser.parse_args()
except:
    parser.print_help()
    sys.exit(0)

好处是工作流更加清晰，并且不需要存根类。缺点是第一个“usage”行打印了两次。

这至少需要一个强制参数。如果没有强制参数，在命令行上提供零参数是有效的。

这种方法比大多数其他方法要优雅得多。与其重写error()，你可以通过包装parse_args()方法来更精确地控制行为:

import sys
import argparse


HelpFlags = ('help', '--help', '-h', '/h', '?', '/?', )


class ArgParser (argparse.ArgumentParser):
    
    def __init__(self, *args, **kws):
        super().__init__(*args, **kws)
    
    def parse_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
        
        if args is None:
            args = sys.argv[1:]
        
        if len(args) < 1 or (args[0].lower() in HelpFlags):
            self.print_help(sys.stderr)
            sys.exit()
        
        return super().parse_args(args, namespace)

这里有另一种方法来做，如果你需要一些灵活的东西，你想显示帮助，如果特定的参数被传递，没有或超过1个冲突的参数:

import argparse
import sys

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('-d', '--days', required=False,  help="Check mapped inventory that is x days old", default=None)
    parser.add_argument('-e', '--event', required=False, action="store", dest="event_id",
                        help="Check mapped inventory for a specific event", default=None)
    parser.add_argument('-b', '--broker', required=False, action="store", dest="broker_id",
                        help="Check mapped inventory for a broker", default=None)
    parser.add_argument('-k', '--keyword', required=False, action="store", dest="event_keyword",
                        help="Check mapped inventory for a specific event keyword", default=None)
    parser.add_argument('-p', '--product', required=False, action="store", dest="product_id",
                        help="Check mapped inventory for a specific product", default=None)
    parser.add_argument('-m', '--metadata', required=False, action="store", dest="metadata",
                        help="Check mapped inventory for specific metadata, good for debugging past tix", default=None)
    parser.add_argument('-u', '--update', required=False, action="store_true", dest="make_updates",
                        help="Update the event for a product if there is a difference, default No", default=False)
    args = parser.parse_args()

    days = args.days
    event_id = args.event_id
    broker_id = args.broker_id
    event_keyword = args.event_keyword
    product_id = args.product_id
    metadata = args.metadata
    make_updates = args.make_updates

    no_change_counter = 0
    change_counter = 0

    req_arg = bool(days) + bool(event_id) + bool(broker_id) + bool(product_id) + bool(event_keyword) + bool(metadata)
    if not req_arg:
        print("Need to specify days, broker id, event id, event keyword or past tickets full metadata")
        parser.print_help()
        sys.exit()
    elif req_arg != 1:
        print("More than one option specified. Need to specify only one required option")
        parser.print_help()
        sys.exit()

    # Processing logic here ...

干杯!

这里的大多数答案都需要导入另一个模块，比如sys，或者使用可选参数。我想找到一个只使用argparse的答案，使用所需的参数，如果可能的话，不捕获异常。最后我得到了以下结论:

import argparse

if __name__ == '__main__':

    arg_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
    arg_parser.add_argument('input_file', type=str, help='The path to the input file.')
    arg_parser.add_argument('output_file', type=str, help='The path to the output file.')
    arg_parser.add_argument('-h','--help', action='store_true', help='show this help message and exit')
    arg_parser.usage = arg_parser.format_help()
    args = arg_parser.parse_args()

The main idea was to use the format_help function in order to provide the help string to the usage statement. Setting add_help to False in the call to ArgumentParser() prevents the help statement from printing twice in certain circumstances. However, I had to create an argument for the optional help argument that mimicked the typical help message once it was set to False in order to display the optional help argument in the help message. The action is set to store_true in the help argument to prevent the help message from filling in a value like HELP for the parameter when it prints the help message.