其他的回答涵盖了泛型的角度。我想分享一些涵盖nil角度的简单代码。

我想要一个静态数组(偶尔读)的所有标签，目前存在于应用程序，但不想看到nil的地方旧的曾经是。

没什么特别的，这是我的代码…

public struct WeakLabel {
    public weak var label : Label?
    public init(_ label: Label?) {
        self.label = label
    }
}

public class Label : UILabel {
    static var _allLabels = [WeakLabel]()
    public static var allLabels:[WeakLabel] {
        get {
            _allLabels = _allLabels.filter{$0.label != nil}
            return _allLabels.filter{$0.label != nil}.map{$0.label!}
        }
    }
    public required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: coder)
        Label._allLabels.append(WeakLabel(self))
    }
    public override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        Label._allLabels.append(WeakLabel(self))
    }
}

现在参加派对有点晚了，但试试我的吧。我实现为一个集合而不是数组。

WeakObjectSet

class WeakObject<T: AnyObject>: Equatable, Hashable {
    weak var object: T?
    init(object: T) {
        self.object = object
    }

    var hashValue: Int {
        if let object = self.object { return unsafeAddressOf(object).hashValue }
        else { return 0 }
    }
}

func == <T> (lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool {
    return lhs.object === rhs.object
}


class WeakObjectSet<T: AnyObject> {
    var objects: Set<WeakObject<T>>

    init() {
        self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>([])
    }

    init(objects: [T]) {
        self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
    }

    var allObjects: [T] {
        return objects.flatMap { $0.object }
    }

    func contains(object: T) -> Bool {
        return self.objects.contains(WeakObject(object: object))
    }

    func addObject(object: T) {
        self.objects.unionInPlace([WeakObject(object: object)])
    }

    func addObjects(objects: [T]) {
        self.objects.unionInPlace(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
    }
}

使用

var alice: NSString? = "Alice"
var bob: NSString? = "Bob"
var cathline: NSString? = "Cathline"

var persons = WeakObjectSet<NSString>()
persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]

persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]

persons.addObjects([alice!, cathline!])
print(persons.allObjects) // [Alice, Cathline, Bob]

alice = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline, Bob]

bob = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline]

注意WeakObjectSet不会接受String类型，而是接受NSString类型。因为，String类型不是AnyType。我的swift版本是Apple swift version 2.2 (swiftlang-703.0.18.1 clang-703.0.29)。

代码可以从Gist中获取。 https://gist.github.com/codelynx/30d3c42a833321f17d39

**于2017年11月添加

我把代码更新为Swift 4

// Swift 4, Xcode Version 9.1 (9B55)

class WeakObject<T: AnyObject>: Equatable, Hashable {
    weak var object: T?
    init(object: T) {
        self.object = object
    }

    var hashValue: Int {
        if var object = object { return UnsafeMutablePointer<T>(&object).hashValue }
        return 0
    }

    static func == (lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool {
        return lhs.object === rhs.object
    }
}

class WeakObjectSet<T: AnyObject> {
    var objects: Set<WeakObject<T>>

    init() {
        self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>([])
    }

    init(objects: [T]) {
        self.objects = Set<WeakObject<T>>(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
    }

    var allObjects: [T] {
        return objects.flatMap { $0.object }
    }

    func contains(_ object: T) -> Bool {
        return self.objects.contains(WeakObject(object: object))
    }

    func addObject(_ object: T) {
        self.objects.formUnion([WeakObject(object: object)])
    }

    func addObjects(_ objects: [T]) {
        self.objects.formUnion(objects.map { WeakObject(object: $0) })
    }
}

正如gokeji提到的，我算出NSString不会被释放基于代码在使用。 我抓了抓头，写了MyString类，如下所示。

// typealias MyString = NSString
class MyString: CustomStringConvertible {
    var string: String
    init(string: String) {
        self.string = string
    }
    deinit {
        print("relasing: \(string)")
    }
    var description: String {
        return self.string
    }
}

然后像这样用MyString替换NSString。那么说它有效就很奇怪了。

var alice: MyString? = MyString(string: "Alice")
var bob: MyString? = MyString(string: "Bob")
var cathline: MyString? = MyString(string: "Cathline")

var persons = WeakObjectSet<MyString>()

persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]

persons.addObject(bob!)
print(persons.allObjects) // [Bob]

persons.addObjects([alice!, cathline!])
print(persons.allObjects) // [Alice, Cathline, Bob]

alice = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline, Bob]

bob = nil
print(persons.allObjects) // [Cathline]

然后我发现了一个奇怪的页面可能与这个问题有关。

弱引用保留已释放的NSString(仅限XC9 + iOS Sim)

https://bugs.swift.org/browse/SR-5511

上面说问题已经解决了，但我想知道这是否和这个问题有关。 无论如何，MyString或NSString之间的行为差异超出了这个上下文，但如果有人能解决这个问题，我会很感激。

我基于@Eonil的工作，因为我喜欢闭包弱绑定策略，但我不想为变量使用函数操作符，因为这感觉非常违反直觉

相反，我所做的是:

class Weak<T> where T: AnyObject {
    fileprivate var storedWeakReference: ()->T? = { return nil }

    var value: T? {
        get {
            return storedWeakReference()
        }
    }

    init(_ object: T) {
        self.storedWeakReference = storeWeakReference(object)
    }

    fileprivate func storeWeakReference<T> (_ target:T) -> ()->T? where T: AnyObject {
        return { [weak target] in
            return target
        }
    }
}

这样你可以做一些事情，比如:

var a: UIViewController? = UIViewController()
let b = Weak(a)
print(a) //prints Optional(<UIViewController: 0xSomeAddress>)
print(b.value) //prints Optional(<UIViewController: 0xSomeAddress>)
a = nil
print(a) //prints nil
print(b.value) //prints nil

现有的WeakContainer示例很有帮助，但它并不能真正帮助在现有的快速容器(如列表和字典)中使用弱引用。

如果您想使用List方法，如contains，那么WeakContainer将需要实现Equatable。因此，我添加了允许WeakContainer是相等的代码。

如果您想在字典中使用WeakContainer，我还将其设置为可哈希的，以便可以将其用作字典键。

我还将其重命名为WeakObject，以强调这仅适用于类类型，并将其与WeakContainer示例区分开来:

struct WeakObject<TYPE where TYPE:AnyObject> : Equatable, Hashable
{
    weak var _value : TYPE?
    let _originalHashValue : Int

    init (value: TYPE)
    {
        _value = value

        // We keep around the original hash value so that we can return it to represent this
        // object even if the value became Nil out from under us because the object went away.
        _originalHashValue = ObjectIdentifier(value).hashValue
    }

    var value : TYPE?
    {
        return _value
    }

    var hashValue: Int
    {
        return _originalHashValue
    }
}

func ==<T>(lhs: WeakObject<T>, rhs: WeakObject<T>) -> Bool
{
    if lhs.value == nil  &&  rhs.value == nil {
        return true
    }
    else if lhs.value == nil  ||  rhs.value == nil {
        return false
    }

    // If the objects are the same, then we are good to go
    return lhs.value! === rhs.value!
}

这允许你做一些很酷的事情，比如使用弱引用字典:

private var m_observerDict : Dictionary<WeakObject<AnyObject>,FLObservationBlock> = Dictionary()

func addObserver( observer:AnyObject, block:FLObservationBlock )
{
    let weakObserver = WeakObject(value:observer)
    m_observerDict[weakObserver] = block
}


func removeObserver( observer:AnyObject )
{
    let weakObserver = WeakObject(value:observer)
    m_observerDict.removeValueForKey(weakObserver)
}

函数式样式包装器呢?

class Class1 {}

func captureWeakly<T> (_ target:T) -> (() -> T?) where T: AnyObject {
    return { [weak target] in
        return target
    }
}

let obj1 = Class1()
let obj2 = Class1()
let obj3 = Class1()
let captured1 = captureWeakly(obj1)
let captured2 = captureWeakly(obj2)
let captured3 = captureWeakly(obj3)

只需调用返回的闭包来检查目标是否仍然存在。

let isAlive = captured1() != nil
let theValue = captured1()!

你可以把闭包存储到一个数组中。

let array1 = Array<() -> (Class1?)>([captured1, captured2, captured3])

您可以通过映射调用闭包来检索弱捕获的值。

let values = Array(array1.map({ $0() }))

实际上，你不需要一个函数来创建闭包。直接捕获一个对象。

let captured3 = { [weak obj3] in return obj3 }

由于NSPointerArray已经自动处理了大部分问题，我通过为它做一个类型安全的包装来解决这个问题，这避免了其他答案中的大量样板:

class WeakArray<T: AnyObject> {
    private let pointers = NSPointerArray.weakObjects()
    
    init (_ elements: T...) {
        elements.forEach{self.pointers.addPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained($0).toOpaque())}
    }
    
    func get (_ index: Int) -> T? {
        if index < self.pointers.count, let pointer = self.pointers.pointer(at: index) {
            return Unmanaged<T>.fromOpaque(pointer).takeUnretainedValue()
        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }
    func append (_ element: T) {
        self.pointers.addPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(element).toOpaque())
    }
    func forEach (_ callback: (T) -> ()) {
        for i in 0..<self.pointers.count {
            if let element = self.get(i) {
                callback(element)
            }
        }
    }
    // implement other functionality as needed
}

使用示例:

class Foo {}
var foo: Foo? = Foo()
let array = WeakArray(foo!)
print(array.get(0)) // Optional(Foo)
foo = nil
DispatchQueue.main.async{print(array.get(0))} // nil

它在前面做了更多的工作，但在你的代码的其余部分的使用是更干净的我。如果你想让它更像数组，你甚至可以实现下标，使它成为一个SequenceType等(但我的项目只需要append和forEach，所以我手头没有确切的代码)。