这里有一个使用生成器的简单方法:

def mergedicts(dict1, dict2):
    for k in set(dict1.keys()).union(dict2.keys()):
        if k in dict1 and k in dict2:
            if isinstance(dict1[k], dict) and isinstance(dict2[k], dict):
                yield (k, dict(mergedicts(dict1[k], dict2[k])))
            else:
                # If one of the values is not a dict, you can't continue merging it.
                # Value from second dict overrides one in first and we move on.
                yield (k, dict2[k])
                # Alternatively, replace this with exception raiser to alert you of value conflicts
        elif k in dict1:
            yield (k, dict1[k])
        else:
            yield (k, dict2[k])

dict1 = {1:{"a":"A"},2:{"b":"B"}}
dict2 = {2:{"c":"C"},3:{"d":"D"}}

print dict(mergedicts(dict1,dict2))

这个打印:

{1: {'a': 'A'}, 2: {'c': 'C', 'b': 'B'}, 3: {'d': 'D'}}

这应该有助于将所有项从dict2合并到dict1:

for item in dict2:
    if item in dict1:
        for leaf in dict2[item]:
            dict1[item][leaf] = dict2[item][leaf]
    else:
        dict1[item] = dict2[item]

请测试一下，告诉我们这是否是你想要的。

编辑:

上述解决方案只合并了一个级别，但正确地解决了op给出的例子。如果合并多个级别，应该使用递归。

如果有人想要另一种方法来解决这个问题，这是我的解决方案。

优点:简洁、声明性和函数式风格(递归，没有突变)。

潜在缺点:这可能不是你想要的合并。查阅文档字符串以了解语义。

def deep_merge(a, b):
    """
    Merge two values, with `b` taking precedence over `a`.

    Semantics:
    - If either `a` or `b` is not a dictionary, `a` will be returned only if
      `b` is `None`. Otherwise `b` will be returned.
    - If both values are dictionaries, they are merged as follows:
        * Each key that is found only in `a` or only in `b` will be included in
          the output collection with its value intact.
        * For any key in common between `a` and `b`, the corresponding values
          will be merged with the same semantics.
    """
    if not isinstance(a, dict) or not isinstance(b, dict):
        return a if b is None else b
    else:
        # If we're here, both a and b must be dictionaries or subtypes thereof.

        # Compute set of all keys in both dictionaries.
        keys = set(a.keys()) | set(b.keys())

        # Build output dictionary, merging recursively values with common keys,
        # where `None` is used to mean the absence of a value.
        return {
            key: deep_merge(a.get(key), b.get(key))
            for key in keys
        }

这实际上是相当棘手的-特别是如果你想要一个有用的错误消息时，事情是不一致的，同时正确地接受重复但一致的条目(这是这里没有其他答案做的..)。

假设你没有大量的条目，递归函数是最简单的:

from functools import reduce

def merge(a, b, path=None):
    "merges b into a"
    if path is None: path = []
    for key in b:
        if key in a:
            if isinstance(a[key], dict) and isinstance(b[key], dict):
                merge(a[key], b[key], path + [str(key)])
            elif a[key] == b[key]:
                pass # same leaf value
            else:
                raise Exception('Conflict at %s' % '.'.join(path + [str(key)]))
        else:
            a[key] = b[key]
    return a

# works
print(merge({1:{"a":"A"},2:{"b":"B"}}, {2:{"c":"C"},3:{"d":"D"}}))
# has conflict
merge({1:{"a":"A"},2:{"b":"B"}}, {1:{"a":"A"},2:{"b":"C"}})

注意，这会使a发生变化——b的内容被添加到a(也会返回a)。如果你想保留a，你可以叫它merge(dict(a) b)

Agf指出(下面)，你可能有两个以上的字典，在这种情况下，你可以使用:

reduce(merge, [dict1, dict2, dict3...])

所有内容都将被添加到dict1中。

注意:我编辑了我的初始答案以改变第一个参数;这使得“reduce”更容易解释

还有一个轻微的变化:

下面是一个纯粹的基于python3集的深度更新函数。它通过一次循环遍历一层来更新嵌套字典，并调用自己来更新下一层的字典值:

def deep_update(dict_original, dict_update):
    if isinstance(dict_original, dict) and isinstance(dict_update, dict):
        output=dict(dict_original)
        keys_original=set(dict_original.keys())
        keys_update=set(dict_update.keys())
        similar_keys=keys_original.intersection(keys_update)
        similar_dict={key:deep_update(dict_original[key], dict_update[key]) for key in similar_keys}
        new_keys=keys_update.difference(keys_original)
        new_dict={key:dict_update[key] for key in new_keys}
        output.update(similar_dict)
        output.update(new_dict)
        return output
    else:
        return dict_update

举个简单的例子:

x={'a':{'b':{'c':1, 'd':1}}}
y={'a':{'b':{'d':2, 'e':2}}, 'f':2}

print(deep_update(x, y))
>>> {'a': {'b': {'c': 1, 'd': 2, 'e': 2}}, 'f': 2}

如果你有一个未知级别的字典，那么我会建议一个递归函数:

def combineDicts(dictionary1, dictionary2):
    output = {}
    for item, value in dictionary1.iteritems():
        if dictionary2.has_key(item):
            if isinstance(dictionary2[item], dict):
                output[item] = combineDicts(value, dictionary2.pop(item))
        else:
            output[item] = value
    for item, value in dictionary2.iteritems():
         output[item] = value
    return output