Many posters have problems debugging their RewriteRule and RewriteCond statements within their .htaccess files. Most of these are using a shared hosting service and therefore don't have access to the root server configuration. They cannot avoid using .htaccess files for rewriting and cannot enable a RewriteLogLevel" as many respondents suggest. Also there are many .htaccess-specific pitfalls and constraints are aren't covered well. Setting up a local test LAMP stack involves too much of a learning curve for most.

所以我的问题是我们建议他们如何自己调试他们的规则。以下是我的一些建议。其他建议将不胜感激。

Understand that the mod_rewrite engine cycles through .htaccess files. The engine runs this loop: do execute server and vhost rewrites (in the Apache Virtual Host Config) find the lowest "Per Dir" .htaccess file on the file path with rewrites enabled if found(.htaccess) execute .htaccess rewrites (in the user's directory) while rewrite occurred So your rules will get executed repeatedly and if you change the URI path then it may end up executing other .htaccessfiles if they exist. So make sure that you terminate this loop, if necessary by adding extra RewriteCond to stop rules firing. Also delete any lower level .htaccess rewrite rulesets unless explicitly intent to use multi-level rulesets. Make sure that the syntax of each Regexp is correct by testing against a set of test patterns to make sure that is a valid syntax and does what you intend with a fully range of test URIs. See answer below for more details. Build up your rules incrementally in a test directory. You can make use of the "execute the deepest .htaccess file on the path feature" to set up a separate test directory (tree) and debug rulesets here without screwing up your main rules and stopping your site working. You have to add them one at a time because this is the only way to localise failures to individual rules. Use a dummy script stub to dump out server and environment variables. (See Listing 2)If your app uses, say, blog/index.php then you can copy this into test/blog/index.php and use it to test out your blog rules in the test subdirectory. You can also use environment variables to make sure that the rewrite engine in interpreting substitution strings correctly, e.g. RewriteRule ^(.*) - [E=TEST0:%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/blog/html_cache/$1.html] and look for these REDIRECT_* variables in the phpinfo dump. BTW, I used this one and discovered on my site that I had to use %{ENV:DOCUMENT_ROOT_REAL} instead. In the case of redirector looping REDIRECT_REDIRECT_* variables list the previous pass. Etc.. Make sure that you don't get bitten by your browser caching incorrect 301 redirects. See answer below. My thanks to Ulrich Palha for this. The rewrite engine seems sensitive to cascaded rules within an .htaccess context, (that is where a RewriteRule results in a substitution and this falls though to further rules), as I found bugs with internal sub-requests (1), and incorrect PATH_INFO processing which can often be prevents by use of the [NS], [L] and [PT] flags.

还有什么评论或建议吗?

清单1——phpinfo

<?php phpinfo(INFO_ENVIRONMENT|INFO_VARIABLES);

当前回答

如果您正在创建重定向,请使用curl进行测试,以避免浏览器缓存问题。 使用-I只获取http头信息。 使用-L跟随所有重定向。

其他回答

as pointed out by @JCastell, the online tester does a good job of testing individual redirects against an .htaccess file. However, more interesting is the api exposed which can be used to batch test a list of urls using a json object. However, to make it more useful, I have written a small bash script file which makes use of curl and jq to submit a list of urls and parse the json response into a CSV formated output with the line number and rule matched in the htaccess file along with the redirected url, making it quite handy to compare a list of urls in a spreadsheet and quickly determine which rules are not working.

设置环境变量并使用报头接收它们:

你可以用RewriteRule行创建新的环境变量,如OP所述:

RewriteRule ^(.*) - [E=TEST0:%{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/blog/html_cache/$1.html]

但是,如果不能让服务器端脚本工作,那么如何读取这个环境变量呢?一个解决方案是设置一个头文件:

Header set TEST_FOOBAR "%{REDIRECT_TEST0}e"

该值接受格式说明符,包括用于环境变量的%{NAME}e说明符(不要忘记小写e)。有时,您需要添加REDIRECT_前缀,但我还不知道什么时候添加前缀,什么时候不添加前缀。

不要忘记,在.htaccess文件中,它是一个相对URL匹配。

在.htaccess文件中,下面的RewriteRule永远不会匹配:

RewriteRule ^/(.*)     /something/$s

确保每个Regexp的语法是正确的

通过对一组测试模式进行测试,以确保语法有效,并对所有测试uri执行您想要的操作。

See regexpCheck.php below for a simple script that you can add to a private/test directory in your site to help you do this. I've kept this brief rather than pretty. Just past this into a file regexpCheck.php in a test directory to use it on your website. This will help you build up any regexp and test it against a list of test cases as you do so. I am using the PHP PCRE engine here, but having had a look at the Apache source, this is basically identical to the one used in Apache. There are many HowTos and tutorials which provide templates and can help you build your regexp skills.

清单1——regexpCheck.php

<html><head><title>Regexp checker</title></head><body>
<?php 
    $a_pattern= isset($_POST['pattern']) ? $_POST['pattern'] : "";
    $a_ntests = isset($_POST['ntests']) ? $_POST['ntests'] : 1;
    $a_test   = isset($_POST['test']) ? $_POST['test'] : array();
    
    $res = array(); $maxM=-1; 
    foreach($a_test as $t ){
        $rtn = @preg_match('#'.$a_pattern.'#',$t,$m);
        if($rtn == 1){
            $maxM=max($maxM,count($m));
            $res[]=array_merge( array('matched'),  $m );
        } else {
            $res[]=array(($rtn === FALSE ? 'invalid' : 'non-matched'));
        }
    } 
?> <p>&nbsp; </p>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];?>">
    <label for="pl">Regexp Pattern: </label>
    <input id="p" name="pattern" size="50" value="<?php echo htmlentities($a_pattern,ENT_QUOTES,"UTF-8");;?>" />
    <label for="n">&nbsp; &nbsp; Number of test vectors: </label>
    <input id="n" name="ntests"  size="3" value="<?php echo $a_ntests;?>"/>
    <input type="submit" name="go" value="OK"/><hr/><p>&nbsp;</p>
    <table><thead><tr><td><b>Test Vector</b></td><td>&nbsp; &nbsp; <b>Result</b></td>
<?php 
    for ( $i=0; $i<$maxM; $i++ ) echo "<td>&nbsp; &nbsp; <b>\$$i</b></td>";
    echo "</tr><tbody>\n";
    for( $i=0; $i<$a_ntests; $i++ ){
        echo '<tr><td>&nbsp;<input name="test[]" value="', 
            htmlentities($a_test[$i], ENT_QUOTES,"UTF-8"),'" /></td>';
        foreach ($res[$i] as $v) { echo '<td>&nbsp; &nbsp; ',htmlentities($v, ENT_QUOTES,"UTF-8"),'&nbsp; &nbsp; </td>';}
        echo "</tr>\n";
    }
?> </table></form></body></html>

最好的调试方法!

在apache的httpd.conf文件中增加LogLevel notice rewrite:trace8,记录所有mod_rewrite的通知。如果你在共享主机上,无法访问httpd.conf,那么就在本地测试并上传到现场。一旦启用这将在很短的时间内生成一个非常大的日志,这意味着它不能在活跃的服务器上进行测试。