这是一种经过测试的方法

public static String getExtension(String fileName) {
    char ch;
    int len;
    if(fileName==null || 
            (len = fileName.length())==0 || 
            (ch = fileName.charAt(len-1))=='/' || ch=='\\' || //in the case of a directory
             ch=='.' ) //in the case of . or ..
        return "";
    int dotInd = fileName.lastIndexOf('.'),
        sepInd = Math.max(fileName.lastIndexOf('/'), fileName.lastIndexOf('\\'));
    if( dotInd<=sepInd )
        return "";
    else
        return fileName.substring(dotInd+1).toLowerCase();
}

测试用例:

@Test
public void testGetExtension() {
    assertEquals("", getExtension("C"));
    assertEquals("ext", getExtension("C.ext"));
    assertEquals("ext", getExtension("A/B/C.ext"));
    assertEquals("", getExtension("A/B/C.ext/"));
    assertEquals("", getExtension("A/B/C.ext/.."));
    assertEquals("bin", getExtension("A/B/C.bin"));
    assertEquals("hidden", getExtension(".hidden"));
    assertEquals("dsstore", getExtension("/user/home/.dsstore"));
    assertEquals("", getExtension(".strange."));
    assertEquals("3", getExtension("1.2.3"));
    assertEquals("exe", getExtension("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\java\\bin\\javaw.exe"));
}

在不使用任何库的情况下，你可以使用String方法，如下所示:

        String[] splits = fileNames.get(i).split("\\.");

        String extension = "";

        if(splits.length >= 2)
        {
            extension = splits[splits.length-1];
        }

REGEX版本怎么样:

static final Pattern PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(.*)\\.(.*)");

Matcher m = PATTERN.matcher(path);
if (m.find()) {
    System.out.println("File path/name: " + m.group(1));
    System.out.println("Extention: " + m.group(2));
}

或者支持空扩展名:

static final Pattern PATTERN =
    Pattern.compile("((.*\\" + File.separator + ")?(.*)(\\.(.*)))|(.*\\" + File.separator + ")?(.*)");

class Separated {
    String path, name, ext;
}

Separated parsePath(String path) {
    Separated res = new Separated();
    Matcher m = PATTERN.matcher(path);
    if (m.find()) {
        if (m.group(1) != null) {
            res.path = m.group(2);
            res.name = m.group(3);
            res.ext = m.group(5);
        } else {
            res.path = m.group(6);
            res.name = m.group(7);
        }
    }
    return res;
}


Separated sp = parsePath("/root/docs/readme.txt");
System.out.println("path: " + sp.path);
System.out.println("name: " + sp.name);
System.out.println("Extention: " + sp.ext);

*nix的结果: 路径:/root/docs/ 名称:自述 延伸:三种

对于windows, parsePath("c:\windows\readme.txt"): 路径:c: \ windows \ 名称:自述 延伸:三种

从文件名获取文件扩展名

/**
 * The extension separator character.
 */
private static final char EXTENSION_SEPARATOR = '.';

/**
 * The Unix separator character.
 */
private static final char UNIX_SEPARATOR = '/';

/**
 * The Windows separator character.
 */
private static final char WINDOWS_SEPARATOR = '\\';

/**
 * The system separator character.
 */
private static final char SYSTEM_SEPARATOR = File.separatorChar;

/**
 * Gets the extension of a filename.
 * <p>
 * This method returns the textual part of the filename after the last dot.
 * There must be no directory separator after the dot.
 * <pre>
 * foo.txt      --> "txt"
 * a/b/c.jpg    --> "jpg"
 * a/b.txt/c    --> ""
 * a/b/c        --> ""
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * The output will be the same irrespective of the machine that the code is running on.
 *
 * @param filename the filename to retrieve the extension of.
 * @return the extension of the file or an empty string if none exists.
 */
public static String getExtension(String filename) {
    if (filename == null) {
        return null;
    }
    int index = indexOfExtension(filename);
    if (index == -1) {
        return "";
    } else {
        return filename.substring(index + 1);
    }
}

/**
 * Returns the index of the last extension separator character, which is a dot.
 * <p>
 * This method also checks that there is no directory separator after the last dot.
 * To do this it uses {@link #indexOfLastSeparator(String)} which will
 * handle a file in either Unix or Windows format.
 * <p>
 * The output will be the same irrespective of the machine that the code is running on.
 *
 * @param filename  the filename to find the last path separator in, null returns -1
 * @return the index of the last separator character, or -1 if there
 * is no such character
 */
public static int indexOfExtension(String filename) {
    if (filename == null) {
        return -1;
    }
    int extensionPos = filename.lastIndexOf(EXTENSION_SEPARATOR);
    int lastSeparator = indexOfLastSeparator(filename);
    return (lastSeparator > extensionPos ? -1 : extensionPos);
}

/**
 * Returns the index of the last directory separator character.
 * <p>
 * This method will handle a file in either Unix or Windows format.
 * The position of the last forward or backslash is returned.
 * <p>
 * The output will be the same irrespective of the machine that the code is running on.
 *
 * @param filename  the filename to find the last path separator in, null returns -1
 * @return the index of the last separator character, or -1 if there
 * is no such character
 */
public static int indexOfLastSeparator(String filename) {
    if (filename == null) {
        return -1;
    }
    int lastUnixPos = filename.lastIndexOf(UNIX_SEPARATOR);
    int lastWindowsPos = filename.lastIndexOf(WINDOWS_SEPARATOR);
    return Math.max(lastUnixPos, lastWindowsPos);
}

学分

复制自Apache FileNameUtils Class - http://grepcode.com/file/repo1.maven.org/maven2/commons-io/commons-io/1.3.2/org/apache/commons/io/FilenameUtils.java#FilenameUtils.getExtension%28java.lang.String%29

下面是Java 8的另一个一行程序。

String ext = Arrays.stream(fileName.split("\\.")).reduce((a,b) -> b).orElse(null)

其工作原理如下:

使用"."将字符串拆分为字符串数组。 将数组转换为流 使用reduce获取流的最后一个元素，即文件扩展名

试试这个。

String[] extension = "adadad.adad.adnandad.jpg".split("\\.(?=[^\\.]+$)"); // ['adadad.adad.adnandad','jpg']
extension[1] // jpg