比较两个数组是否相等的正确方法是使用严格相等(===)，这是递归比较。现有的答案无法递归地对任意数组(具有任意深度和顺序的数组，包含顺序数组和关联数组的混合)进行排序，因此无法处理任意数组的比较。顺序数组是具有顺序键(0,1,2,3…)的关联数组，而关联数组没有顺序键。

要对这些任意数组排序，我们必须:

向下遍历没有更多子数组的叶节点 通过序列化顺序数组，然后排序它们(以消除必须使用自定义比较器的需要) 按键对关联数组排序

下面的代码实现了上述解决方案。欢迎对代码进行改进。

function recur_sort( &$array ) {
    foreach ( $array as &$value ) {
       if ( is_array( $value ) ) recur_sort( $value );
    }

    if ( is_sequential_array( $array ) ) {
        $array = array_map( function( $el ) { return json_encode( $el ); }, $array  );
        sort( $array, SORT_STRING );
        $array = array_map( function( $el ) { return json_decode( $el, true ); }, $array  );
        return;
    } else {
        return ksort( $array );
    }
}

function is_sequential_array(Array &$a) {
    $n = count($a);
    for($i=0; $i<$n; $i++) {
        if(!array_key_exists($i, $a)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

示例(在PHPUnit中):

//A stricter and recursive assertEqualsCanonicalizing
public function assertSameCanonicalizing( $expected, $actual ) {
    recur_sort( $expected );
    recur_sort( $actual );
    $this->assertSame( $expected, $actual );
}

下面的解决方案使用可作为回调传递的自定义相等函数。注意，它不检查数组的顺序。

trait AssertTrait
{
    /**
     * Determine if two arrays have the same elements, possibly in different orders. Elements comparison function must be passed as argument.
     *
     * @param array<mixed> $expected
     * @param array<mixed> $actual
     *
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public static function assertArraysContainSameElements(array $expected, array $actual, callable $comparisonFunction): void
    {
        Assert::assertEquals(\count($expected), \count($actual));

        self::assertEveryElementOfArrayIsInAnotherArrayTheSameAmountOfTimes($expected, $actual, $comparisonFunction);
        self::assertEveryElementOfArrayIsInAnotherArrayTheSameAmountOfTimes($actual, $expected, $comparisonFunction);
    }

    /**
     * @param array<mixed> $needles
     * @param array<mixed> $haystack
     *
     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
     */
    private static function assertEveryElementOfArrayIsInAnotherArrayTheSameAmountOfTimes(
        array $needles,
        array $haystack,
        callable $comparisonFunction
    ): void {
        Assert::assertLessThanOrEqual(\count($needles), \count($haystack));

        foreach ($needles as $expectedElement) {
            $matchesOfExpectedElementInExpected = \array_filter(
                $needles,
                static fn($element): bool => $comparisonFunction($expectedElement, $element),
            );

            $matchesOfExpectedElementInActual = \array_filter(
                $haystack,
                static fn($element): bool => $comparisonFunction($expectedElement, $element),
            );

            Assert::assertEquals(\count($matchesOfExpectedElementInExpected), \count($matchesOfExpectedElementInActual));
        }
    }
}

我通常在数据库集成测试中使用它，当我想确保返回预期的元素，但我不关心排序。

如果你想检查数组的键和值是否严格相等(===)，你可以使用下面的函数:

function array_eq($a, $b) {
    // If the objects are not arrays or differ in their size, they cannot be equal
    if (!is_array($a) || !is_array($b) || count($a) !== count($b)) {
        return false;
    }
    // If the arrays of keys are not strictly equal (after sorting),
    // the original arrays are not strictly equal either
    $a_keys = array_keys($a);
    $b_keys = array_keys($b);
    array_multisort($a_keys);
    array_multisort($b_keys);
    if ($a_keys !== $b_keys) {
        return false;
    }
    // Comparing values
    foreach ($a_keys as $key) {
        $a_value = $a[$key];
        $b_value = $b[$key];
        // Either the objects are strictly equal or they are arrays
        // which are equal according to our definition. Otherwise they
        // are different.
        if ($a_value !== $b_value && !array_eq($a_value, $b_value)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

如果你想检查非关联数组，下面是解决方案:

$a = ['blog', 'company'];
$b = ['company', 'blog'];

(count(array_unique(array_merge($a, $b))) === count($a)) ? 'Equals' : 'Not Equals';
// Equals

数组的语法问题

$array1 = array(
    'a' => 'value1',
    'b' => 'value2',
    'c' => 'value3',
 );

$array2 = array(
    'a' => 'value1',
    'b' => 'value2',
    'c' => 'value3',
 );

$diff = array_diff($array1, $array2);

var_dump($diff); 

$arraysAreEqual = ($a == $b); // TRUE if $a and $b have the same key/value pairs.
$arraysAreEqual = ($a === $b); // TRUE if $a and $b have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types.

参见数组操作符。

EDIT

不等式运算符是!=，而非恒等运算符是!==来匹配相等 运算符==和恒等运算符===。