我如何在Python中获得给定目录中的所有文件(和目录)的列表?
当前回答
#import modules
import os
_CURRENT_DIR = '.'
def rec_tree_traverse(curr_dir, indent):
"recurcive function to traverse the directory"
#print "[traverse_tree]"
try :
dfList = [os.path.join(curr_dir, f_or_d) for f_or_d in os.listdir(curr_dir)]
except:
print "wrong path name/directory name"
return
for file_or_dir in dfList:
if os.path.isdir(file_or_dir):
#print "dir : ",
print indent, file_or_dir,"\\"
rec_tree_traverse(file_or_dir, indent*2)
if os.path.isfile(file_or_dir):
#print "file : ",
print indent, file_or_dir
#end if for loop
#end of traverse_tree()
def main():
base_dir = _CURRENT_DIR
rec_tree_traverse(base_dir," ")
raw_input("enter any key to exit....")
#end of main()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
其他回答
虽然os.listdir()用于生成文件和目录名称的列表很好,但一旦有了这些名称,通常您还想做更多的事情——在Python3中,pathlib使这些其他杂事变得简单。让我们看一看,看看你是否和我一样喜欢它。
要列出目录内容,构造一个Path对象并获取迭代器:
In [16]: Path('/etc').iterdir()
Out[16]: <generator object Path.iterdir at 0x110853fc0>
如果我们只想要一个事物名称的列表
In [17]: [x.name for x in Path('/etc').iterdir()]
Out[17]:
['emond.d',
'ntp-restrict.conf',
'periodic',
如果你只想要dirs:
In [18]: [x.name for x in Path('/etc').iterdir() if x.is_dir()]
Out[18]:
['emond.d',
'periodic',
'mach_init.d',
如果你想要该树中所有conf文件的名称:
In [20]: [x.name for x in Path('/etc').glob('**/*.conf')]
Out[20]:
['ntp-restrict.conf',
'dnsextd.conf',
'syslog.conf',
如果你想在树>= 1K中列出conf文件:
In [23]: [x.name for x in Path('/etc').glob('**/*.conf') if x.stat().st_size > 1024]
Out[23]:
['dnsextd.conf',
'pf.conf',
'autofs.conf',
解析相对路径变得简单:
In [32]: Path('../Operational Metrics.md').resolve()
Out[32]: PosixPath('/Users/starver/code/xxxx/Operational Metrics.md')
使用路径导航非常清楚(尽管出乎意料):
In [10]: p = Path('.')
In [11]: core = p / 'web' / 'core'
In [13]: [x for x in core.iterdir() if x.is_file()]
Out[13]:
[PosixPath('web/core/metrics.py'),
PosixPath('web/core/services.py'),
PosixPath('web/core/querysets.py'),
import os
for filename in os.listdir("C:\\temp"):
print filename
如果你需要通配符,也有一个模块。例如:
import glob
glob.glob('./[0-9].*')
将返回如下内容:
['./1.gif', './2.txt']
请在这里查看文档。
我写了一个很长的版本,包含了我可能需要的所有选项:http://sam.nipl.net/code/python/find.py
我想它也适合这里:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
def ls(dir, hidden=False, relative=True):
nodes = []
for nm in os.listdir(dir):
if not hidden and nm.startswith('.'):
continue
if not relative:
nm = os.path.join(dir, nm)
nodes.append(nm)
nodes.sort()
return nodes
def find(root, files=True, dirs=False, hidden=False, relative=True, topdown=True):
root = os.path.join(root, '') # add slash if not there
for parent, ldirs, lfiles in os.walk(root, topdown=topdown):
if relative:
parent = parent[len(root):]
if dirs and parent:
yield os.path.join(parent, '')
if not hidden:
lfiles = [nm for nm in lfiles if not nm.startswith('.')]
ldirs[:] = [nm for nm in ldirs if not nm.startswith('.')] # in place
if files:
lfiles.sort()
for nm in lfiles:
nm = os.path.join(parent, nm)
yield nm
def test(root):
print "* directory listing, with hidden files:"
print ls(root, hidden=True)
print
print "* recursive listing, with dirs, but no hidden files:"
for f in find(root, dirs=True):
print f
print
if __name__ == "__main__":
test(*sys.argv[1:])
#import modules
import os
_CURRENT_DIR = '.'
def rec_tree_traverse(curr_dir, indent):
"recurcive function to traverse the directory"
#print "[traverse_tree]"
try :
dfList = [os.path.join(curr_dir, f_or_d) for f_or_d in os.listdir(curr_dir)]
except:
print "wrong path name/directory name"
return
for file_or_dir in dfList:
if os.path.isdir(file_or_dir):
#print "dir : ",
print indent, file_or_dir,"\\"
rec_tree_traverse(file_or_dir, indent*2)
if os.path.isfile(file_or_dir):
#print "file : ",
print indent, file_or_dir
#end if for loop
#end of traverse_tree()
def main():
base_dir = _CURRENT_DIR
rec_tree_traverse(base_dir," ")
raw_input("enter any key to exit....")
#end of main()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()