对于当前工作目录中的文件，无需指定路径

Python 2.7:

import os
os.listdir('.')

Python 3. x:

import os
os.listdir()

这是一种遍历目录树中每个文件和目录的方法:

import os

for dirname, dirnames, filenames in os.walk('.'):
    # print path to all subdirectories first.
    for subdirname in dirnames:
        print(os.path.join(dirname, subdirname))

    # print path to all filenames.
    for filename in filenames:
        print(os.path.join(dirname, filename))

    # Advanced usage:
    # editing the 'dirnames' list will stop os.walk() from recursing into there.
    if '.git' in dirnames:
        # don't go into any .git directories.
        dirnames.remove('.git')

对于Python 2

#!/bin/python2

import os

def scan_dir(path):
    print map(os.path.abspath, os.listdir(pwd))

对于Python 3

对于filter和map，你需要用list()来包装它们

#!/bin/python3

import os

def scan_dir(path):
    print(list(map(os.path.abspath, os.listdir(pwd))))

现在的建议是用生成器表达式或列表推导式替换map和filter的使用:

#!/bin/python

import os

def scan_dir(path):
    print([os.path.abspath(f) for f in os.listdir(path)])

这是另一种选择。

os.scandir(path='.')

它返回os的迭代器。对应于path指定目录中的条目(以及文件属性信息)的DirEntry对象。

例子:

with os.scandir(path) as it:
    for entry in it:
        if not entry.name.startswith('.'):
            print(entry.name)

Using scandir() instead of listdir() can significantly increase the performance of code that also needs file type or file attribute information, because os.DirEntry objects expose this information if the operating system provides it when scanning a directory. All os.DirEntry methods may perform a system call, but is_dir() and is_file() usually only require a system call for symbolic links; os.DirEntry.stat() always requires a system call on Unix but only requires one for symbolic links on Windows.

Python文档

简单的方法:

list_output_files = [os.getcwd()+"\\"+f for f in os.listdir(os.getcwd())]

下面是一行python版本:

import os
dir = 'given_directory_name'
filenames = [os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),dir,i) for i in os.listdir(dir)]

这段代码列出给定目录名中所有文件和目录的完整路径。