如果你的文件上传了

import os


file= request.FILES['your_file_name']          #Your input file_name for your_file_name
ext = os.path.splitext(file.name)[-1].lower()


if ext=='.mp3':
    #do something

elif ext=='.xls' or '.xlsx' or '.csv':
    #do something

else:
    #The uploaded file is not the required format

假设m是一个字符串，你可以使用endswith:

if m.endswith('.mp3'):
...
elif m.endswith('.flac'):
...

不区分大小写，并消除可能较大的else-if链:

m.lower().endswith(('.png', '.jpg', '.jpeg'))

import os
source = ['test_sound.flac','ts.mp3']

for files in source:
   fileName,fileExtension = os.path.splitext(files)
   print fileExtension   # Print File Extensions
   print fileName   # It print file name

或者:

from glob import glob
...
for files in glob('path/*.mp3'): 
  do something
for files in glob('path/*.flac'): 
  do something else

一个老帖子，但可能对未来的读者有所帮助…

如果没有其他原因，我将避免在文件名上使用.lower()，只是为了使您的代码更独立于平台。(linux是区分大小写的，文件名上的.lower()最终肯定会破坏你的逻辑…或者更糟，一个重要的文件!)

为什么不用re?(尽管为了更加健壮，您应该检查每个文件的神奇文件头… 如何检查python中没有扩展名的文件类型?)

import re

def checkext(fname):   
    if re.search('\.mp3$',fname,flags=re.IGNORECASE):
        return('mp3')
    if re.search('\.flac$',fname,flags=re.IGNORECASE):
        return('flac')
    return('skip')

flist = ['myfile.mp3', 'myfile.MP3','myfile.mP3','myfile.mp4','myfile.flack','myfile.FLAC',
     'myfile.Mov','myfile.fLaC']

for f in flist:
    print "{} ==> {}".format(f,checkext(f)) 

输出:

myfile.mp3 ==> mp3
myfile.MP3 ==> mp3
myfile.mP3 ==> mp3
myfile.mp4 ==> skip
myfile.flack ==> skip
myfile.FLAC ==> flac
myfile.Mov ==> skip
myfile.fLaC ==> flac

#!/usr/bin/python

import shutil, os

source = ['test_sound.flac','ts.mp3']

for files in source:
  fileName,fileExtension = os.path.splitext(files)

  if fileExtension==".flac" :
    print 'This file is flac file %s' %files
  elif  fileExtension==".mp3":
    print 'This file is mp3 file %s' %files
  else:
    print 'Format is not valid'