关于承诺，我学到的是只将其用作返回值，尽可能避免引用它们。Async /await语法对此特别实用。今天所有最新的浏览器和节点都支持它:https://caniuse.com/#feat=async-functions，是一个简单的行为，代码就像读取同步代码，忘记回调…

在我确实需要引用承诺的情况下，创建和解决发生在独立/不相关的地方。因此，我宁愿使用人工关联和事件侦听器来解析“远程”承诺，而更喜欢将承诺公开为Deferred，下面的代码在有效的es5中实现了它

/**
 * Promise like object that allows to resolve it promise from outside code. Example:
 *
```
class Api {
  fooReady = new Deferred<Data>()
  private knower() {
    inOtherMoment(data=>{
      this.fooReady.resolve(data)
    })
  }
}
```
 */
var Deferred = /** @class */ (function () {
  function Deferred(callback) {
    var instance = this;
    this.resolve = null;
    this.reject = null;
    this.status = 'pending';
    this.promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
      instance.resolve = function () { this.status = 'resolved'; resolve.apply(this, arguments); };
      instance.reject = function () { this.status = 'rejected'; reject.apply(this, arguments); };
    });
    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
      callback.call(this, this.resolve, this.reject);
    }
  }
  Deferred.prototype.then = function (resolve) {
    return this.promise.then(resolve);
  };
  Deferred.prototype.catch = function (r) {
    return this.promise.catch(r);
  };
  return Deferred;
}());

编译自我的一个typescript项目:

https://github.com/cancerberoSgx/misc-utils-of-mine/blob/2927c2477839f7b36247d054e7e50abe8a41358b/misc-utils-of-mine-generic/src/promise.ts#L31

对于更复杂的情况，我经常使用这些没有测试和输入依赖关系的小工具。P-map已经有用过几次了。我认为他涵盖了大多数用例:

https://github.com/sindresorhus?utf8=%E2%9C%93&tab=repositories&q=promise&type=source&language=

解决方案:

你可以使用'bind'显式地将中间值放在任何后来的'then'函数的作用域中。这是一个很好的解决方案，它不需要改变promise的工作方式，只需要一两行代码来传播这些值，就像已经传播错误一样。

下面是一个完整的例子:

// Get info asynchronously from a server
function pGetServerInfo()
    {
    // then value: "server info"
    } // pGetServerInfo

// Write into a file asynchronously
function pWriteFile(path,string)
    {
    // no then value
    } // pWriteFile

// The heart of the solution: Write formatted info into a log file asynchronously,
// using the pGetServerInfo and pWriteFile operations
function pLogInfo(localInfo)
    {
    var scope={localInfo:localInfo}; // Create an explicit scope object
    var thenFunc=p2.bind(scope); // Create a temporary function with this scope
    return (pGetServerInfo().then(thenFunc)); // Do the next 'then' in the chain
    } // pLogInfo

// Scope of this 'then' function is {localInfo:localInfo}
function p2(serverInfo)
    {
    // Do the final 'then' in the chain: Writes "local info, server info"
    return pWriteFile('log',this.localInfo+','+serverInfo);
    } // p2

该解决方案的调用方式如下:

pLogInfo("local info").then().catch(err);

(注意:这个解决方案的一个更复杂和完整的版本已经测试过了，但没有这个示例版本，所以它可能有一个bug。)

另一个答案，使用顺序执行器nsynjs:

function getExample(){

  var response1 = returnPromise1().data;

  // promise1 is resolved at this point, '.data' has the result from resolve(result)

  var response2 = returnPromise2().data;

  // promise2 is resolved at this point, '.data' has the result from resolve(result)

  console.log(response, response2);

}

nynjs.run(getExample,{},function(){
    console.log('all done');
})

更新:增加了工作示例

function synchronousCode() { var urls=[ "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.0/jquery.min.js", "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.0/jquery.min.js", "https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.0/jquery.min.js" ]; for(var i=0; i<urls.length; i++) { var len=window.fetch(urls[i]).data.text().data.length; // ^ ^ // | +- 2-nd promise result // | assigned to 'data' // | // +-- 1-st promise result assigned to 'data' // console.log('URL #'+i+' : '+urls[i]+", length: "+len); } } nsynjs.run(synchronousCode,{},function(){ console.log('all done'); }) <script src="https://rawgit.com/amaksr/nsynjs/master/nsynjs.js"></script>

当使用bluebird时，你可以使用.bind方法来共享承诺链中的变量:

somethingAsync().bind({})
.spread(function (aValue, bValue) {
    this.aValue = aValue;
    this.bValue = bValue;
    return somethingElseAsync(aValue, bValue);
})
.then(function (cValue) {
    return this.aValue + this.bValue + cValue;
});

请点击此链接了解更多信息:

http://bluebirdjs.com/docs/api/promise.bind.html

Node 7.4现在支持带有和谐标志的async/await调用。

试试这个:

async function getExample(){

  let response = await returnPromise();

  let response2 = await returnPromise2();

  console.log(response, response2)

}

getExample()

然后运行文件:

node——harmony-async-await getExample.js

尽可能的简单!

显式直通

类似于嵌套回调，此技术依赖于闭包。然而，链保持不变——不是只传递最新的结果，而是为每一步传递某个状态对象。这些状态对象累积先前操作的结果，传递稍后将再次需要的所有值加上当前任务的结果。

function getExample() {
    return promiseA(…).then(function(resultA) {
        // some processing
        return promiseB(…).then(b => [resultA, b]); // function(b) { return [resultA, b] }
    }).then(function([resultA, resultB]) {
        // more processing
        return // something using both resultA and resultB
    });
}

这里，小箭头b => [resultA, b]是在resultA上关闭的函数，并将两个结果的数组传递给下一步。它使用参数解构语法将其再次分解为单个变量。

在ES6提供解构之前，许多承诺库(Q, Bluebird, when，…)提供了一个漂亮的助手方法，名为.spread()。它接受一个带有多个参数的函数——每个数组元素一个参数——作为.spread(function(resultA, resultB) {....

当然，这里需要的闭包可以通过一些辅助函数进一步简化，例如。

function addTo(x) {
    // imagine complex `arguments` fiddling or anything that helps usability
    // but you get the idea with this simple one:
    return res => [x, res];
}

…
return promiseB(…).then(addTo(resultA));

或者，您可以使用Promise。所有这些都是为了产生数组的承诺:

function getExample() {
    return promiseA(…).then(function(resultA) {
        // some processing
        return Promise.all([resultA, promiseB(…)]); // resultA will implicitly be wrapped
                                                    // as if passed to Promise.resolve()
    }).then(function([resultA, resultB]) {
        // more processing
        return // something using both resultA and resultB
    });
}

你不仅可以使用数组，还可以使用任意复杂的对象。例如，用_。扩展或对象。在不同的helper函数中赋值:

function augment(obj, name) {
    return function (res) { var r = Object.assign({}, obj); r[name] = res; return r; };
}

function getExample() {
    return promiseA(…).then(function(resultA) {
        // some processing
        return promiseB(…).then(augment({resultA}, "resultB"));
    }).then(function(obj) {
        // more processing
        return // something using both obj.resultA and obj.resultB
    });
}

While this pattern guarantees a flat chain and explicit state objects can improve clarity, it will become tedious for a long chain. Especially when you need the state only sporadically, you still have to pass it through every step. With this fixed interface, the single callbacks in the chain are rather tightly coupled and inflexible to change. It makes factoring out single steps harder, and callbacks cannot be supplied directly from other modules - they always need to be wrapped in boilerplate code that cares about the state. Abstract helper functions like the above can ease the pain a bit, but it will always be present.