简单地说，new X是Object.create(X.prototype)，另外运行构造函数。(并让构造函数有机会返回实际的对象，该对象应该是表达式的结果，而不是这个。)

就是这样。：）

剩下的答案令人困惑，因为显然也没有人会读new的定义。；）

下面是两个调用内部发生的步骤: (提示:唯一的区别是在步骤3)

新的测试():

创建新的Object() obj obj。__proto__ to Test.prototype return Test.call(obj) || obj; //通常返回obj，但JS中的构造函数可以返回一个值

对象。创建(测试。原型)

创建新的Object() obj obj。__proto__ to Test.prototype 返回obj;

基本上就是Object。Create不执行构造函数。

区别在于所谓的“伪经典vs.原型继承”。建议在代码中只使用一种类型，不要混合使用两种类型。

在伪经典继承中(使用"new"操作符)，假设您首先定义了一个伪类，然后从该类创建对象。例如，定义一个伪类“Person”，然后从“Person”创建“Alice”和“Bob”。

在原型继承中(使用Object.create)，您直接创建一个特定的人“Alice”，然后使用“Alice”作为原型创建另一个人“Bob”。这里没有“阶级”;都是对象。

在内部，JavaScript使用“原型继承”;“伪古典”的方式只是一些糖。

查看这两种方法的比较。

根据这个答案和这个视频，new关键字做了下面的事情:

创建新对象。 将新对象链接到构造函数(原型)。 使此变量指向新对象。 使用new对象执行构造函数，隐式执行返回this; 将构造函数函数名赋给新对象的属性构造函数。

对象。Create只执行第1和第2步!

对象创建变量。

变体1:'new Object()' ->不带参数的对象构造函数。

var p1 = new Object(); // 'new Object()' create and return empty object -> {}

var p2 = new Object(); // 'new Object()' create and return empty object -> {}

console.log(p1); // empty object -> {}

console.log(p2); // empty object -> {}

// p1 and p2 are pointers to different objects
console.log(p1 === p2); // false

console.log(p1.prototype); // undefined

// empty object which is in fact Object.prototype
console.log(p1.__proto__); // {}

// empty object to which p1.__proto__ points
console.log(Object.prototype); // {}

console.log(p1.__proto__ === Object.prototype); // true

// null, which is in fact Object.prototype.__proto__
console.log(p1.__proto__.__proto__); // null

console.log(Object.prototype.__proto__); // null

变量2:'new Object(person)' ->带参数的对象构造函数。

const person = {
    name: 'no name',
    lastName: 'no lastName',
    age: -1
}

// 'new Object(person)' return 'person', which is pointer to the object ->
//  -> { name: 'no name', lastName: 'no lastName', age: -1 }
var p1 = new Object(person);

// 'new Object(person)' return 'person', which is pointer to the object ->
//  -> { name: 'no name', lastName: 'no lastName', age: -1 }
var p2 = new Object(person);

// person, p1 and p2 are pointers to the same object
console.log(p1 === p2); // true
console.log(p1 === person); // true
console.log(p2 === person); // true

p1.name = 'John'; // change 'name' by 'p1'
p2.lastName = 'Doe'; // change 'lastName' by 'p2'
person.age = 25; // change 'age' by 'person'

// when print 'p1', 'p2' and 'person', it's the same result,
// because the object they points is the same
console.log(p1); // { name: 'John', lastName: 'Doe', age: 25 }
console.log(p2); // { name: 'John', lastName: 'Doe', age: 25 }
console.log(person); // { name: 'John', lastName: 'Doe', age: 25 }

变体3.1:'Object.create(person)'。使用对象。用简单的对象“person”创建。' object. create(person)'将创建(并返回)新的空对象，并将属性'__proto__'添加到相同的新空对象。属性'__proto__'将指向对象'person'。

const person = {
        name: 'no name',
        lastName: 'no lastName',
        age: -1,
        getInfo: function getName() {
           return `${this.name} ${this.lastName}, ${this.age}!`;
    }
}

var p1 = Object.create(person);

var p2 = Object.create(person);

// 'p1.__proto__' and 'p2.__proto__' points to
// the same object -> 'person'
// { name: 'no name', lastName: 'no lastName', age: -1, getInfo: [Function: getName] }
console.log(p1.__proto__);
console.log(p2.__proto__);
console.log(p1.__proto__ === p2.__proto__); // true

console.log(person.__proto__); // {}(which is the Object.prototype)

// 'person', 'p1' and 'p2' are different
console.log(p1 === person); // false
console.log(p1 === p2); // false
console.log(p2 === person); // false

// { name: 'no name', lastName: 'no lastName', age: -1, getInfo: [Function: getName] }
console.log(person);

console.log(p1); // empty object - {}

console.log(p2); // empty object - {}

// add properties to object 'p1'
// (properties with the same names like in object 'person')
p1.name = 'John';
p1.lastName = 'Doe';
p1.age = 25;

// add properties to object 'p2'
// (properties with the same names like in object 'person')
p2.name = 'Tom';
p2.lastName = 'Harrison';
p2.age = 38;

// { name: 'no name', lastName: 'no lastName', age: -1, getInfo: [Function: getName] }
console.log(person);

// { name: 'John', lastName: 'Doe', age: 25 }
console.log(p1);

// { name: 'Tom', lastName: 'Harrison', age: 38 }
console.log(p2);

// use by '__proto__'(link from 'p1' to 'person'),
// person's function 'getInfo'
console.log(p1.getInfo()); // John Doe, 25!

// use by '__proto__'(link from 'p2' to 'person'),
// person's function 'getInfo'
console.log(p2.getInfo()); // Tom Harrison, 38!

变体3.2:'Object.create(Object.prototype)'。使用对象。创建内置对象-> ' object .prototype'。' object. create(object. prototype)'将创建(并返回)新的空对象，并将属性'__proto__'添加到相同的新空对象。属性'__proto__'将指向对象' object .prototype'。

// 'Object.create(Object.prototype)' :
// 1. create and return empty object -> {}.
// 2. add to 'p1' property '__proto__', which is link to 'Object.prototype'
var p1 = Object.create(Object.prototype);

// 'Object.create(Object.prototype)' :
// 1. create and return empty object -> {}.
// 2. add to 'p2' property '__proto__', which is link to 'Object.prototype'
var p2 = Object.create(Object.prototype);

console.log(p1); // {}

console.log(p2); // {}

console.log(p1 === p2); // false

console.log(p1.prototype); // undefined

console.log(p2.prototype); // undefined

console.log(p1.__proto__ === Object.prototype); // true

console.log(p2.__proto__ === Object.prototype); // true

变体4:'new SomeFunction()'

// 'this' in constructor-function 'Person'
// represents a new instace,
// that will be created by 'new Person(...)'
// and returned implicitly
function Person(name, lastName, age) {

    this.name = name;
    this.lastName = lastName;
    this.age = age;

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------
    // !--- only for demonstration ---
    // if add function 'getInfo' into
    // constructor-function 'Person',
    // then all instances will have a copy of the function 'getInfo'!
    //
    // this.getInfo: function getInfo() {
    //  return this.name + " " + this.lastName + ", " + this.age + "!";
    // }
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------
}

// 'Person.prototype' is an empty object
// (before add function 'getInfo')
console.log(Person.prototype); // Person {}

// With 'getInfo' added to 'Person.prototype',
// instances by their properties '__proto__',
// will have access to the function 'getInfo'.
// With this approach, instances not need
// a copy of the function 'getInfo' for every instance.
Person.prototype.getInfo = function getInfo() {
    return this.name + " " + this.lastName + ", " + this.age + "!";
}

// after function 'getInfo' is added to 'Person.prototype'
console.log(Person.prototype); // Person { getInfo: [Function: getInfo] }

// create instance 'p1'
var p1 = new Person('John', 'Doe', 25);

// create instance 'p2'
var p2 = new Person('Tom', 'Harrison', 38);

// Person { name: 'John', lastName: 'Doe', age: 25 }
console.log(p1);

// Person { name: 'Tom', lastName: 'Harrison', age: 38 }
console.log(p2);

// 'p1.__proto__' points to 'Person.prototype'
console.log(p1.__proto__); // Person { getInfo: [Function: getInfo] }

// 'p2.__proto__' points to 'Person.prototype'
console.log(p2.__proto__); // Person { getInfo: [Function: getInfo] }

console.log(p1.__proto__ === p2.__proto__); // true

// 'p1' and 'p2' points to different objects(instaces of 'Person')
console.log(p1 === p2); // false

// 'p1' by its property '__proto__' reaches 'Person.prototype.getInfo' 
// and use 'getInfo' with 'p1'-instance's data
console.log(p1.getInfo()); // John Doe, 25!

// 'p2' by its property '__proto__' reaches 'Person.prototype.getInfo' 
// and use 'getInfo' with 'p2'-instance's data
console.log(p2.getInfo()); // Tom Harrison, 38!

function Test(){
    this.prop1 = 'prop1';
    this.prop2 = 'prop2';
    this.func1 = function(){
        return this.prop1 + this.prop2;
    }
};

Test.prototype.protoProp1 = 'protoProp1';
Test.prototype.protoProp2 = 'protoProp2';
var newKeywordTest = new Test();
var objectCreateTest = Object.create(Test.prototype);

/* Object.create   */
console.log(objectCreateTest.prop1); // undefined
console.log(objectCreateTest.protoProp1); // protoProp1 
console.log(objectCreateTest.__proto__.protoProp1); // protoProp1

/* new    */
console.log(newKeywordTest.prop1); // prop1
console.log(newKeywordTest.__proto__.protoProp1); // protoProp1

简介:

1)用new关键字有两点要注意;

A)函数被用作构造函数

b)函数。原型对象被传递给__proto__属性…或者在不支持__proto__的地方，它是新对象寻找属性的第二个地方

2)使用object .create(obj.prototype)你正在构造一个对象(obj.prototype)并将其传递给预期的对象。不同的是，现在new object的__proto__也指向obj。原型(请参考ans by xj9)