为了记录，有一个新的HTTP响应头叫做Clear-Site-Data。如果你的服务器回复包含一个Clear-Site-Data: "cookies"头，那么身份验证凭证(不仅仅是cookies)应该被删除。我在Chrome 77上测试了它，但控制台显示了这个警告:

Clear-Site-Data header on 'https://localhost:9443/clear': Cleared data types:
"cookies". Clearing channel IDs and HTTP authentication cache is currently not
supported, as it breaks active network connections.

并且认证凭证没有被删除，所以这不能(目前)实现基本的认证注销，但也许将来会。没有在其他浏览器上测试。

引用:

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Clear-Site-Data

https://www.w3.org/TR/clear-site-data/

https://github.com/w3c/webappsec-clear-site-data

https://caniuse.com/#feat=mdn-http_headers_clear-site-data_cookies

 function logout(url){
    var str = url.replace("http://", "http://" + new Date().getTime() + "@");
    var xmlhttp;
    if (window.XMLHttpRequest) xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
    else xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
    {
        if (xmlhttp.readyState==4) location.reload();
    }
    xmlhttp.open("GET",str,true);
    xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Authorization","Basic xxxxxxxxxx")
    xmlhttp.send();
    return false;
}

正如其他人所说，我们需要获得相同的URL并发送一个错误(例如401:StatusUnauthorized之类的)，仅此而已。

我使用Get方法让它知道我需要登出，

下面是一个使用golang进行写作的完整示例。

package main

import (
    "crypto/subtle"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

func BasicAuth(username, password, realm string, handlerFunc http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {

    return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        queryMap := r.URL.Query()
        if _, ok := queryMap["logout"]; ok { // localhost:8080/public/?logout
            w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized) // 401
            _, _ = w.Write([]byte("Success logout!\n"))
            return
        }

        user, pass, ok := r.BasicAuth()

        if !ok ||
            subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(user), []byte(username)) != 1 ||
            subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(pass), []byte(password)) != 1 {
            // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/WWW-Authenticate
            w.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", `Basic realm="`+realm+`", charset="UTF-8"`)
            w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
            _, _ = w.Write([]byte("Unauthorised.\n"))
            return
        }

        handlerFunc(w, r)
    }
}

type UserInfo struct {
    name string
    psw  string
}

func main() {

    portNumber := "8080"
    guest := UserInfo{"guest", "123"}

    // localhost:8080/public/  -> ./public/everyone
    publicHandler := http.StripPrefix(
        "/public/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("./public/everyone")),
    )

    publicHandlerFunc := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        switch r.Method {
        case http.MethodGet:
            publicHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
        /*
            case http.MethodPost:
            case http.MethodPut:
            case http.MethodDelete:
        */
        default:
            return
        }
    }

    http.HandleFunc("/public/",
        BasicAuth(guest.name, guest.psw, "Please enter your username and password for this site",
            publicHandlerFunc),
    )

    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(fmt.Sprintf(":%s", portNumber), nil))
}

当您已经登出时，您需要刷新(F5)页面。否则，您可能会看到旧内容。

你可以完全用JavaScript完成:

IE有(很长一段时间)用于清除基本身份验证缓存的标准API:

document.execCommand("ClearAuthenticationCache")

当它工作时应该返回true。返回false，未定义或爆炸在其他浏览器。

新的浏览器(截至2012年12月:Chrome, FireFox, Safari)有“神奇”的行为。如果他们看到一个成功的基本身份验证请求与任何虚假的其他用户名(假设注销)，他们会清除凭据缓存，并可能为新的虚假用户名设置凭据缓存，您需要确保这不是一个用于查看内容的有效用户名。

基本的例子是:

var p = window.location.protocol + '//'
// current location must return 200 OK for this GET
window.location = window.location.href.replace(p, p + 'logout:password@')

实现上述操作的一种“异步”方式是使用注销用户名进行AJAX调用。例子:

(function(safeLocation){
    var outcome, u, m = "You should be logged out now.";
    // IE has a simple solution for it - API:
    try { outcome = document.execCommand("ClearAuthenticationCache") }catch(e){}
    // Other browsers need a larger solution - AJAX call with special user name - 'logout'.
    if (!outcome) {
        // Let's create an xmlhttp object
        outcome = (function(x){
            if (x) {
                // the reason we use "random" value for password is 
                // that browsers cache requests. changing
                // password effectively behaves like cache-busing.
                x.open("HEAD", safeLocation || location.href, true, "logout", (new Date()).getTime().toString())
                x.send("")
                // x.abort()
                return 1 // this is **speculative** "We are done." 
            } else {
                return
            }
        })(window.XMLHttpRequest ? new window.XMLHttpRequest() : ( window.ActiveXObject ? new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") : u ))
    }
    if (!outcome) {
        m = "Your browser is too old or too weird to support log out functionality. Close all windows and restart the browser."
    }
    alert(m)
    // return !!outcome
})(/*if present URI does not return 200 OK for GET, set some other 200 OK location here*/)

你也可以把它做成书签:

javascript:(function (c) {
  var a, b = "You should be logged out now.";
  try {
    a = document.execCommand("ClearAuthenticationCache")
  } catch (d) {
  }
  a || ((a = window.XMLHttpRequest ? new window.XMLHttpRequest : window.ActiveXObject ? new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") : void 0) ? (a.open("HEAD", c || location.href, !0, "logout", (new Date).getTime().toString()), a.send(""), a = 1) : a = void 0);
  a || (b = "Your browser is too old or too weird to support log out functionality. Close all windows and restart the browser.");
  alert(b)
})(/*pass safeLocation here if you need*/);

使用会话ID (cookie) 使服务器上的会话ID失效 不接受会话id无效的用户

这适用于IE/Netscape/Chrome浏览器:

      function ClearAuthentication(LogOffPage) 
  {
     var IsInternetExplorer = false;    

     try
     {
         var agt=navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase();
         if (agt.indexOf("msie") != -1) { IsInternetExplorer = true; }
     }
     catch(e)
     {
         IsInternetExplorer = false;    
     };

     if (IsInternetExplorer) 
     {
        // Logoff Internet Explorer
        document.execCommand("ClearAuthenticationCache");
        window.location = LogOffPage;
     }
     else 
     {
        // Logoff every other browsers
    $.ajax({
         username: 'unknown',
         password: 'WrongPassword',
             url: './cgi-bin/PrimoCgi',
         type: 'GET',
         beforeSend: function(xhr)
                 {
            xhr.setRequestHeader("Authorization", "Basic AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=");
         },

                 error: function(err)
                 {
                    window.location = LogOffPage;
             }
    });
     }
  }


  $(document).ready(function () 
  {
      $('#Btn1').click(function () 
      {
         // Call Clear Authentication 
         ClearAuthentication("force_logout.html"); 
      });
  });