这很简单，你可以使用标准的unix命令排除你想要的，这些命令在git bash下甚至在windows环境下都是可用的。 下面的例子展示了如何排除pom.xml文件的diff，首先检查diff只对文件名进行master，然后使用'grep -v'排除你不想要的文件，然后使用prepared list再次运行diff来master:

git diff master `git diff --name-only master | grep -v pom.xml`

我做以下事情:

git add *pattern_to_exclude*
git diff
git reset HEAD .

我知道这不是一个优雅的解决方案，它有时不能被使用(例如。如果你已经把东西准备好了)，但它不需要输入复杂的命令就能完成任务

类似于本·鲁克斯的解决方案，但无论如何都是共享的:

git status --porcelain | grep -v $PATTERN_TO_EXCLUDE | awk '{print $2}' | xargs git diff

或者，如果更改已经在本地提交:

git diff --name-only origin/master | grep -v $PATTERN_TO_EXCLUDE | xargs git diff origin/master

例子:

git status --porcelain | grep -v docs | awk '{print $2}' | xargs git diff origin/master

git diff --name-only origin/master | grep -v docs | xargs git diff origin/master

相对于git根目录

Git diff接受一个可选的排除

git diff -- ":(exclude)thingToExclude"

您可能需要添加一些通配符

git diff -- ":(exclude)*/thingToExclude/*"

目标特定的文件类型

git diff -- ":(exclude)*/$1/*.png"

或者为您的dotfiles添加一个小脚本

例如.bash_profile或.zshrc

gde() {
    # git diff exclude files or folders 
    # usage: 
    # gde fileOrFolderNameToExclude
    git diff -- ":(exclude)*/$1/*"
}

我的解决方案

git add .
git reset <list of files to ignore>
git diff --cached

git diff remote/master..master --name-only -- ':!README.rst'

给我(git版本2.11.0)

fatal: There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.
Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?

git diff remote/master..master --name-only -- './*' ':!README.rst'

工作得很好，来源:https://stackoverflow.com/a/30084612/5155484