我有一个SQL Server数据库,我想知道它有什么列和类型。我更喜欢通过查询而不是使用像Enterprise Manager这样的GUI来实现这一点。有办法做到这一点吗?
当前回答
除了上述问题,如果我们在DB中有像db_name.dbo这样的表。Table_name,我们可以使用以下步骤
连接DB 使用db_name; 使用EXEC sp_help,不要忘记将表名设置为'dbo。表名'如果你有dbo作为schema。 Exec sp_help 'dbo.table_name'
这应该有用!
其他回答
请使用以下sql查询;这对我的案子很管用。
select * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Columns where table_name = 'tablename';
这些答案的问题在于,你忽略了关键信息。 虽然这是有点混乱,这是一个快速的版本,我提出,以确保它包含相同的信息MySQL描述显示。
Select SC.name AS 'Field', ISC.DATA_TYPE AS 'Type', ISC.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS 'Length', SC.IS_NULLABLE AS 'Null', I.is_primary_key AS 'Key', SC.is_identity AS 'Identity'
From sys.columns AS SC
LEFT JOIN sys.index_columns AS IC
ON IC.object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.Expenses') AND
IC.column_id = SC.column_id
LEFT JOIN sys.indexes AS I
ON I.object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.Expenses') AND
IC.index_id = I.index_id
LEFT JOIN information_schema.columns ISC
ON ISC.TABLE_NAME = 'Expenses'
AND ISC.COLUMN_NAME = SC.name
WHERE SC.object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.Expenses')
这是我在EntityFramework反向POCO生成器中使用的代码(可在这里获得)
表的SQL:
SELECT c.TABLE_SCHEMA AS SchemaName,
c.TABLE_NAME AS TableName,
t.TABLE_TYPE AS TableType,
c.ORDINAL_POSITION AS Ordinal,
c.COLUMN_NAME AS ColumnName,
CAST(CASE WHEN IS_NULLABLE = 'YES' THEN 1
ELSE 0
END AS BIT) AS IsNullable,
DATA_TYPE AS TypeName,
ISNULL(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, 0) AS [MaxLength],
CAST(ISNULL(NUMERIC_PRECISION, 0) AS INT) AS [Precision],
ISNULL(COLUMN_DEFAULT, '') AS [Default],
CAST(ISNULL(DATETIME_PRECISION, 0) AS INT) AS DateTimePrecision,
ISNULL(NUMERIC_SCALE, 0) AS Scale,
CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_NAME)), c.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') AS BIT) AS IsIdentity,
CAST(CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_NAME)), c.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN 1
WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(c.TABLE_NAME)), c.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsComputed') = 1 THEN 1
WHEN DATA_TYPE = 'TIMESTAMP' THEN 1
ELSE 0
END AS BIT) AS IsStoreGenerated,
CAST(CASE WHEN pk.ORDINAL_POSITION IS NULL THEN 0
ELSE 1
END AS BIT) AS PrimaryKey,
ISNULL(pk.ORDINAL_POSITION, 0) PrimaryKeyOrdinal,
CAST(CASE WHEN fk.COLUMN_NAME IS NULL THEN 0
ELSE 1
END AS BIT) AS IsForeignKey
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT u.TABLE_SCHEMA,
u.TABLE_NAME,
u.COLUMN_NAME,
u.ORDINAL_POSITION
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE u
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc
ON u.TABLE_SCHEMA = tc.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
AND u.TABLE_NAME = tc.TABLE_NAME
AND u.CONSTRAINT_NAME = tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY') pk
ON c.TABLE_SCHEMA = pk.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND c.TABLE_NAME = pk.TABLE_NAME
AND c.COLUMN_NAME = pk.COLUMN_NAME
LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT
u.TABLE_SCHEMA,
u.TABLE_NAME,
u.COLUMN_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE u
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc
ON u.TABLE_SCHEMA = tc.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
AND u.TABLE_NAME = tc.TABLE_NAME
AND u.CONSTRAINT_NAME = tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY') fk
ON c.TABLE_SCHEMA = fk.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND c.TABLE_NAME = fk.TABLE_NAME
AND c.COLUMN_NAME = fk.COLUMN_NAME
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES t
ON c.TABLE_SCHEMA = t.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND c.TABLE_NAME = t.TABLE_NAME
WHERE c.TABLE_NAME NOT IN ('EdmMetadata', '__MigrationHistory')
外键SQL:
SELECT FK.name AS FK_Table,
FkCol.name AS FK_Column,
PK.name AS PK_Table,
PkCol.name AS PK_Column,
OBJECT_NAME(f.object_id) AS Constraint_Name,
SCHEMA_NAME(FK.schema_id) AS fkSchema,
SCHEMA_NAME(PK.schema_id) AS pkSchema,
PkCol.name AS primarykey,
k.constraint_column_id AS ORDINAL_POSITION
FROM sys.objects AS PK
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_keys AS f
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS k
ON k.constraint_object_id = f.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i
ON f.referenced_object_id = i.object_id
AND f.key_index_id = i.index_id
ON PK.object_id = f.referenced_object_id
INNER JOIN sys.objects AS FK
ON f.parent_object_id = FK.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS PkCol
ON f.referenced_object_id = PkCol.object_id
AND k.referenced_column_id = PkCol.column_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS FkCol
ON f.parent_object_id = FkCol.object_id
AND k.parent_column_id = FkCol.column_id
ORDER BY FK_Table, FK_Column
扩展属性:
SELECT s.name AS [schema],
t.name AS [table],
c.name AS [column],
value AS [property]
FROM sys.extended_properties AS ep
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS t
ON ep.major_id = t.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS s
ON s.schema_id = t.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS c
ON ep.major_id = c.object_id
AND ep.minor_id = c.column_id
WHERE class = 1
ORDER BY t.name
除了在其他答案中显示的方法,你还可以使用
SELECT TOP 0 * FROM table_name
这将为您提供每个列的名称,其中没有结果,并且几乎立即以最小的开销完成。
use
SELECT COL_LENGTH('tablename', 'colname')
其他的解决方法对我都不起作用。
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