我有一个SQL Server数据库,我想知道它有什么列和类型。我更喜欢通过查询而不是使用像Enterprise Manager这样的GUI来实现这一点。有办法做到这一点吗?
当前回答
下面的查询将提供类似于python、Pandas库中的info()函数的输出。
USE [Database_Name]
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdo.dob.#primary_key', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #primary_key
SELECT
CONS_T.TABLE_CATALOG,
CONS_T.TABLE_SCHEMA,
CONS_T.TABLE_NAME,
CONS_C.COLUMN_NAME,
CONS_T.CONSTRAINT_TYPE,
CONS_T.CONSTRAINT_NAME
INTO #primary_key
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS CONS_T
JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE AS CONS_C ON CONS_C.CONSTRAINT_NAME= CONS_T.CONSTRAINT_NAME
SELECT
SMA.name AS [Schema Name],
ST.name AS [Table Name],
SC.column_id AS [Column Order],
SC.name AS [Column Name],
PKT.CONSTRAINT_TYPE,
PKT.CONSTRAINT_NAME,
SC.system_type_id,
STP.name AS [Data Type],
SC.max_length,
SC.precision,
SC.scale,
SC.is_nullable,
SC.is_masked
FROM sys.tables AS ST
JOIN sys.schemas AS SMA ON SMA.schema_id = ST.schema_id
JOIN sys.columns AS SC ON SC.object_id = ST.object_id
JOIN sys.types AS STP ON STP.system_type_id = SC.system_type_id
LEFT JOIN #primary_key AS PKT ON PKT.TABLE_SCHEMA = SMA.name
AND PKT.TABLE_NAME = ST.name
AND PKT.COLUMN_NAME = SC.name
ORDER BY ST.name ASC, SMA.name ASC
其他回答
选择表格,按Alt+F1,
它将显示关于表的所有信息,如列名,数据类型,键等。
首先连接到你的数据库,
使用DB_name
然后
exec sp_help '生产。Et_Issue”
这里的'production'是模式名。如果你没有图式, 您可以简单地写入sp_help table_name
我在t-sql中写了一个sql* + DESC(RIBE),比如select(显示列注释):
USE YourDB
GO
DECLARE @objectName NVARCHAR(128) = 'YourTable';
SELECT
a.[NAME]
,a.[TYPE]
,a.[CHARSET]
,a.[COLLATION]
,a.[NULLABLE]
,a.[DEFAULT]
,b.[COMMENTS]
-- ,a.[ORDINAL_POSITION]
FROM
(
SELECT
COLUMN_NAME AS [NAME]
,CASE DATA_TYPE
WHEN 'char' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')'
WHEN 'numeric' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(NUMERIC_PRECISION AS VARCHAR) + ', ' + CAST(NUMERIC_SCALE AS VARCHAR) + ')'
WHEN 'nvarchar' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')'
WHEN 'varbinary' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')'
WHEN 'varchar' THEN DATA_TYPE + '(' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + ')'
ELSE DATA_TYPE
END AS [TYPE]
,CHARACTER_SET_NAME AS [CHARSET]
,COLLATION_NAME AS [COLLATION]
,IS_NULLABLE AS [NULLABLE]
,COLUMN_DEFAULT AS [DEFAULT]
,ORDINAL_POSITION
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE
TABLE_NAME = @objectName
) a
FULL JOIN
(
SELECT
CAST(value AS NVARCHAR) AS [COMMENTS]
,CAST(objname AS NVARCHAR) AS [NAME]
FROM
::fn_listextendedproperty ('MS_Description', 'user', 'dbo', 'table', @objectName, 'column', default)
) b
ON a.NAME COLLATE YourCollation = b.NAME COLLATE YourCollation
ORDER BY
a.[ORDINAL_POSITION];
上面提到的select可以在一个系统标记的存储过程中使用,并且可以从你实例的任何数据库中以简单的方式调用它:
USE master;
GO
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_desc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_desc
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_desc (
@tableName nvarchar(128)
) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @dbName sysname;
DECLARE @schemaName sysname;
DECLARE @objectName sysname;
DECLARE @objectID int;
DECLARE @tmpTableName varchar(100);
DECLARE @sqlCmd nvarchar(4000);
SELECT @dbName = PARSENAME(@tableName, 3);
IF @dbName IS NULL SELECT @dbName = DB_NAME();
SELECT @schemaName = PARSENAME(@tableName, 2);
IF @schemaName IS NULL SELECT @schemaName = SCHEMA_NAME();
SELECT @objectName = PARSENAME(@tableName, 1);
IF @objectName IS NULL
BEGIN
PRINT 'Object is missing from your function call!';
RETURN;
END;
SELECT @objectID = OBJECT_ID(@dbName + '.' + @schemaName + '.' + @objectName);
IF @objectID IS NULL
BEGIN
PRINT 'Object [' + @dbName + '].[' + @schemaName + '].[' + @objectName + '] does not exist!';
RETURN;
END;
SELECT @tmpTableName = '#tmp_DESC_' + CAST(@@SPID AS VARCHAR) + REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(CAST(CONVERT(CHAR, GETDATE(), 121) AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), ' ', ''), ':', ''), '.', '');
--PRINT @tmpTableName;
SET @sqlCmd = '
USE ' + @dbName + '
CREATE TABLE ' + @tmpTableName + ' (
[NAME] nvarchar(128) NOT NULL
,[TYPE] varchar(50)
,[CHARSET] varchar(50)
,[COLLATION] varchar(50)
,[NULLABLE] varchar(3)
,[DEFAULT] nvarchar(4000)
,[COMMENTS] nvarchar(3750));
INSERT INTO ' + @tmpTableName + '
SELECT
a.[NAME]
,a.[TYPE]
,a.[CHARSET]
,a.[COLLATION]
,a.[NULLABLE]
,a.[DEFAULT]
,b.[COMMENTS]
FROM
(
SELECT
COLUMN_NAME AS [NAME]
,CASE DATA_TYPE
WHEN ''char'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')''
WHEN ''numeric'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(NUMERIC_PRECISION AS VARCHAR) + '', '' + CAST(NUMERIC_SCALE AS VARCHAR) + '')''
WHEN ''nvarchar'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')''
WHEN ''varbinary'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')''
WHEN ''varchar'' THEN DATA_TYPE + ''('' + CAST(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR) + '')''
ELSE DATA_TYPE
END AS [TYPE]
,CHARACTER_SET_NAME AS [CHARSET]
,COLLATION_NAME AS [COLLATION]
,IS_NULLABLE AS [NULLABLE]
,COLUMN_DEFAULT AS [DEFAULT]
,ORDINAL_POSITION
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE
TABLE_NAME = ''' + @objectName + '''
) a
FULL JOIN
(
SELECT
CAST(value AS NVARCHAR) AS [COMMENTS]
,CAST(objname AS NVARCHAR) AS [NAME]
FROM
::fn_listextendedproperty (''MS_Description'', ''user'', ''' + @schemaName + ''', ''table'', ''' + @objectName + ''', ''column'', default)
) b
ON a.NAME COLLATE Hungarian_CI_AS = b.NAME COLLATE Hungarian_CI_AS
ORDER BY
a.[ORDINAL_POSITION];
SELECT * FROM ' + @tmpTableName + ';'
--PRINT @sqlCmd;
EXEC sp_executesql @sqlCmd;
RETURN;
END;
GO
EXEC sys.sp_MS_marksystemobject sp_desc
GO
执行过程类型:
EXEC sp_desc 'YourDB.YourSchema.YourTable';
如果你想获取当前数据库(和模式)简单类型对象的描述:
EXEC sp_desc 'YourTable';
因为sp_desc是一个系统标记的过程,你甚至可以留下exec命令(无论如何不推荐):
sp_desc 'YourTable';
使用此查询
Select * From INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS Where TABLE_NAME = 'TABLENAME'
以防您不想使用stored proc,这里有一个简单的查询版本
select *
from information_schema.columns
where table_name = 'aspnet_Membership'
order by ordinal_position
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