我正在构建一个允许客户端存储对象的服务器。这些对象是在客户端完全构造的，对象id在对象的整个生命周期内都是永久的。
我已经定义了API，以便客户端可以使用PUT创建或修改对象:
PUT /objects/{id} HTTP/1.1
...
{json representation of the object}
{id}是对象id，所以它是Request-URI的一部分。
现在，我也在考虑允许客户端使用POST创建对象:
POST /objects/ HTTP/1.1
...
{json representation of the object, including ID}
由于POST意味着“追加”操作，我不确定在对象已经存在的情况下该做什么。我应该把请求作为修改请求，还是应该返回一些错误代码(哪个)?
当前回答
这完全取决于上下文，以及谁负责处理重复的请求(服务器或客户端或两者都有)
如果服务器只是指向副本，请查看4xx:
400坏请求——服务器不会处理一个请求，因为这是明显的客户端错误 409冲突——如果服务器不处理请求，但原因不是客户端的错 .．.
对于副本的隐式处理，请参阅2XX:
200好了 201年创建 .．.
如果服务器希望返回一些东西，请查看3XX:
302年发现的 303查看其他 .．.
当服务器能够指向现有资源时，就意味着重定向。
如果以上还不够，那么在响应体中准备一些错误消息总是一个很好的做法。
其他回答
在您的情况下，您可以使用409冲突
如果你想检查另一个HTTPs状态码从下面的列表
1××信息
100 Continue
101 Switching Protocols
102 Processing
2××成功
200 OK
201 Created
202 Accepted
203 Non-authoritative Information
204 No Content
205 Reset Content
206 Partial Content
207 Multi-Status
208 Already Reported
226 IM Used
3××重定向
300 Multiple Choices
301 Moved Permanently
302 Found
303 See Other
304 Not Modified
305 Use Proxy
307 Temporary Redirect
308 Permanent Redirect
4××客户端错误
400 Bad Request
401 Unauthorized
402 Payment Required
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
405 Method Not Allowed
406 Not Acceptable
407 Proxy Authentication Required
408 Request Timeout
409 Conflict
410 Gone
411 Length Required
412 Precondition Failed
413 Payload Too Large
414 Request-URI Too Long
415 Unsupported Media Type
416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
417 Expectation Failed
418 I’m a teapot
421 Misdirected Request
422 Unprocessable Entity
423 Locked
424 Failed Dependency
426 Upgrade Required
428 Precondition Required
429 Too Many Requests
431 Request Header Fields Too Large
444 Connection Closed Without Response
451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons
499 Client Closed Request
5××服务器错误
500 Internal Server Error
501 Not Implemented
502 Bad Gateway
503 Service Unavailable
504 Gateway Timeout
505 HTTP Version Not Supported
506 Variant Also Negotiates
507 Insufficient Storage
508 Loop Detected
510 Not Extended
511 Network Authentication Required
599 Network Connect Timeout Error
根据RFC 7231，如果POST处理的结果等同于 现有资源的表示。
I think for REST, you just have to make a decision on the behavior for that particular system in which case, I think the "right" answer would be one of a couple answers given here. If you want the request to stop and behave as if the client made a mistake that it needs to fix before continuing, then use 409. If the conflict really isn't that important and want to keep the request going, then respond by redirecting the client to the entity that was found. I think proper REST APIs should be redirecting (or at least providing the location header) to the GET endpoint for that resource following a POST anyway, so this behavior would give a consistent experience.
EDIT: It's also worth noting that you should consider a PUT since you're providing the ID. Then the behavior is simple: "I don't care what's there right now, put this thing there." Meaning, if nothing is there, it'll be created; if something is there it'll be replaced. I think a POST is more appropriate when the server manages that ID. Separating the two concepts basically tells you how to deal with it (i.e. PUT is idempotent so it should always work so long as the payload validates, POST always creates, so if there is a collision of IDs, then a 409 would describe that conflict).
“302 Found”对我来说听起来合乎逻辑。RFC 2616说除了GET和HEAD之外，它还可以被其他请求回答(当然也包括POST)
但是它仍然让访问者通过RFC访问这个URL来获得这个“已找到”的资源。为了使它直接指向真正的“Found”URL，应该使用“303 See Other”，这是有意义的，但强制另一个调用GET它后面的URL。好的方面是，这个GET是可缓存的。
我想我会用“303 See Other”。我不知道我是否可以响应在主体中发现的“东西”，但我想这样做，以节省到服务器的一次往返。
更新:在重新阅读RFC后，我仍然认为不存在的“4XX+303 Found”代码应该是正确的。然而，“409冲突”是现有的最好的答案代码(正如@ wrkken指出的那样)，可能包括指向现有资源的Location头。
由于您提到使用post的对象创建请求包含对象的ID，因此应该使其成为幂等请求。只返回与成功创建请求完全相同的响应。幂等请求使api更简单，例如。现在客户不必担心两种不同的情况(成功，失败)。或者客户端可以安全地重试请求，以防在连接/服务器暂时宕机时出现问题。
