一个更通用的解决方案，它也适用于非数字值:

a = {'a': 'foo', 'b':'bar', 'c': 'baz'}
b = {'a': 'spam', 'c':'ham', 'x': 'blah'}

r = dict(a.items() + b.items() +
    [(k, a[k] + b[k]) for k in set(b) & set(a)])

或者更普通一点:

def combine_dicts(a, b, op=operator.add):
    return dict(a.items() + b.items() +
        [(k, op(a[k], b[k])) for k in set(b) & set(a)])

例如:

>>> a = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4}
>>> b = {'a': 5, 'c':6, 'x':7}

>>> import operator
>>> print combine_dicts(a, b, operator.mul)
{'a': 10, 'x': 7, 'c': 24, 'b': 3}

另外，请注意a.update(b)比a + b快2倍

from collections import Counter
a = Counter({'menu': 20, 'good': 15, 'happy': 10, 'bar': 5})
b = Counter({'menu': 1, 'good': 1, 'bar': 3})

%timeit a + b;
## 100000 loops, best of 3: 8.62 µs per loop
## The slowest run took 4.04 times longer than the fastest. This could mean that an intermediate result is being cached.

%timeit a.update(b)
## 100000 loops, best of 3: 4.51 µs per loop

使用集合。计数器:

>>> from collections import Counter
>>> A = Counter({'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3})
>>> B = Counter({'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':5})
>>> A + B
Counter({'c': 7, 'b': 5, 'd': 5, 'a': 1})

计数器基本上是dict的一个子类，因此您仍然可以使用它们执行通常使用该类型执行的所有其他操作，例如遍历它们的键和值。

要获得更通用和可扩展的方法，请检查mergedict。它使用singledispatch，并可以根据类型合并值。

例子:

from mergedict import MergeDict

class SumDict(MergeDict):
    @MergeDict.dispatch(int)
    def merge_int(this, other):
        return this + other

d2 = SumDict({'a': 1, 'b': 'one'})
d2.merge({'a':2, 'b': 'two'})

assert d2 == {'a': 3, 'b': 'two'}

来自python 3.5:合并和求和

Thanks to @tokeinizer_fsj that told me in a comment that I didn't get completely the meaning of the question (I thought that add meant just adding keys that eventually where different in the two dictinaries and, instead, i meant that the common key values should be summed). So I added that loop before the merging, so that the second dictionary contains the sum of the common keys. The last dictionary will be the one whose values will last in the new dictionary that is the result of the merging of the two, so I thing the problem is solved. The solution is valid from python 3.5 and following versions.

a = {
    "a": 1,
    "b": 2,
    "c": 3
}

b = {
    "a": 2,
    "b": 3,
    "d": 5
}

# Python 3.5

for key in b:
    if key in a:
        b[key] = b[key] + a[key]

c = {**a, **b}
print(c)

>>> c
{'a': 3, 'b': 5, 'c': 3, 'd': 5}

可重用代码

a = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
b = {'b': 3, 'c': 4, 'd': 5}


def mergsum(a, b):
    for k in b:
        if k in a:
            b[k] = b[k] + a[k]
    c = {**a, **b}
    return c


print(mergsum(a, b))

下面是另一个使用字典推导式结合dict()行为的选项:

dict3 = dict(dict1, **{ k: v + dict1.get(k, 0) for k, v in dict2.items() })
# {'a': 4, 'b': 2, 'c': 7, 'g': 1}

从https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html dict类型:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#dict

也

如果给出了关键字参数，则关键字参数及其值将被添加到由位置参数创建的字典中。

词典理解

**{ k: v + dict1.get(v, 0), v in dict2.items() }

处理将dict1[1]添加到v.中。这里不需要显式if，因为dict1的默认值。Get可以设置为0。