我想分别获取文件名（不带扩展名）和扩展名。
到目前为止，我找到的最佳解决方案是：
NAME=`echo "$FILE" | cut -d'.' -f1`
EXTENSION=`echo "$FILE" | cut -d'.' -f2`
这是错误的，因为如果文件名包含多个，它就不起作用。字符。假设我有a.b.js，它会考虑a和b.js而不是a.b和js。
它可以在Python中用
file, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
但如果可能的话，我不希望仅仅为此启动Python解释器。
有更好的主意吗？
当前回答
使用示例文件/Users/Jonathan/Scripts/bash/MyScript.sh，以下代码：
MY_EXT=".${0##*.}"
ME=$(/usr/bin/basename "${0}" "${MY_EXT}")
将导致$｛ME｝为MyScript，$｛MY_EXT｝为.sh:
脚本：
#!/bin/bash
set -e
MY_EXT=".${0##*.}"
ME=$(/usr/bin/basename "${0}" "${MY_EXT}")
echo "${ME} - ${MY_EXT}"
一些测试：
$ ./MyScript.sh
MyScript - .sh
$ bash MyScript.sh
MyScript - .sh
$ /Users/Jonathan/Scripts/bash/MyScript.sh
MyScript - .sh
$ bash /Users/Jonathan/Scripts/bash/MyScript.sh
MyScript - .sh
其他回答
我使用以下脚本
$ echo "foo.tar.gz"|rev|cut -d"." -f3-|rev
foo
如果文件没有扩展名或文件名，这似乎不起作用。这是我正在使用的；它只使用内置文件名，并处理更多（但不是所有）病态文件名。
#!/bin/bash
for fullpath in "$@"
do
filename="${fullpath##*/}" # Strip longest match of */ from start
dir="${fullpath:0:${#fullpath} - ${#filename}}" # Substring from 0 thru pos of filename
base="${filename%.[^.]*}" # Strip shortest match of . plus at least one non-dot char from end
ext="${filename:${#base} + 1}" # Substring from len of base thru end
if [[ -z "$base" && -n "$ext" ]]; then # If we have an extension and no base, it's really the base
base=".$ext"
ext=""
fi
echo -e "$fullpath:\n\tdir = \"$dir\"\n\tbase = \"$base\"\n\text = \"$ext\""
done
下面是一些测试用例：
$ basename-and-extension.sh / /home/me/ /home/me/file /home/me/file.tar /home/me/file.tar.gz /home/me/.hidden /home/me/.hidden.tar /home/me/.. .
/:
dir = "/"
base = ""
ext = ""
/home/me/:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ""
ext = ""
/home/me/file:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = "file"
ext = ""
/home/me/file.tar:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = "file"
ext = "tar"
/home/me/file.tar.gz:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = "file.tar"
ext = "gz"
/home/me/.hidden:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ".hidden"
ext = ""
/home/me/.hidden.tar:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ".hidden"
ext = "tar"
/home/me/..:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ".."
ext = ""
.:
dir = ""
base = "."
ext = ""
Mellen在一篇博客文章中写道：
使用Bash，还有${file%.*}获取不带扩展名的文件名，${file##*.}单独获取扩展名。即，
file="thisfile.txt"
echo "filename: ${file%.*}"
echo "extension: ${file##*.}"
输出：
filename: thisfile
extension: txt
从上面的答案来看，模仿Python的最短一行代码
file, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
假设您的文件确实有扩展名
EXT="${PATH##*.}"; FILE=$(basename "$PATH" .$EXT)
公认的答案在典型情况下有效，但在边缘情况下无效，即：
对于没有扩展名的文件名（在这个答案的剩余部分中称为后缀），extension=${filename##*.}返回输入文件名，而不是空字符串。extension=${filename##*.}不包括首字母。，与惯例相反。盲目地准备。不适用于没有后缀的文件名。filename=“${filename%.*}”将是空字符串，如果输入文件名以开头。并且不包含进一步的。字符（例如.bash_profile）-与惯例相反。
---------
因此，覆盖所有边缘情况的鲁棒解决方案的复杂性需要一个函数——见下面的定义；它可以返回路径的所有组件。
示例调用：
splitPath '/etc/bash.bashrc' dir fname fnameroot suffix
# -> $dir == '/etc'
# -> $fname == 'bash.bashrc'
# -> $fnameroot == 'bash'
# -> $suffix == '.bashrc'
请注意，输入路径后面的参数是自由选择的位置变量名称。要跳过不感兴趣的变量，请指定_（使用扔掉变量$_）或“”；例如，要仅提取文件名根和扩展名，请使用splitPath“/etc/bash.bashrc”_ _ fnameroot扩展名。
# SYNOPSIS
# splitPath path varDirname [varBasename [varBasenameRoot [varSuffix]]]
# DESCRIPTION
# Splits the specified input path into its components and returns them by assigning
# them to variables with the specified *names*.
# Specify '' or throw-away variable _ to skip earlier variables, if necessary.
# The filename suffix, if any, always starts with '.' - only the *last*
# '.'-prefixed token is reported as the suffix.
# As with `dirname`, varDirname will report '.' (current dir) for input paths
# that are mere filenames, and '/' for the root dir.
# As with `dirname` and `basename`, a trailing '/' in the input path is ignored.
# A '.' as the very first char. of a filename is NOT considered the beginning
# of a filename suffix.
# EXAMPLE
# splitPath '/home/jdoe/readme.txt' parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
# echo "$parentpath" # -> '/home/jdoe'
# echo "$fname" # -> 'readme.txt'
# echo "$fnameroot" # -> 'readme'
# echo "$suffix" # -> '.txt'
# ---
# splitPath '/home/jdoe/readme.txt' _ _ fnameroot
# echo "$fnameroot" # -> 'readme'
splitPath() {
local _sp_dirname= _sp_basename= _sp_basename_root= _sp_suffix=
# simple argument validation
(( $# >= 2 )) || { echo "$FUNCNAME: ERROR: Specify an input path and at least 1 output variable name." >&2; exit 2; }
# extract dirname (parent path) and basename (filename)
_sp_dirname=$(dirname "$1")
_sp_basename=$(basename "$1")
# determine suffix, if any
_sp_suffix=$([[ $_sp_basename = *.* ]] && printf %s ".${_sp_basename##*.}" || printf '')
# determine basename root (filemane w/o suffix)
if [[ "$_sp_basename" == "$_sp_suffix" ]]; then # does filename start with '.'?
_sp_basename_root=$_sp_basename
_sp_suffix=''
else # strip suffix from filename
_sp_basename_root=${_sp_basename%$_sp_suffix}
fi
# assign to output vars.
[[ -n $2 ]] && printf -v "$2" "$_sp_dirname"
[[ -n $3 ]] && printf -v "$3" "$_sp_basename"
[[ -n $4 ]] && printf -v "$4" "$_sp_basename_root"
[[ -n $5 ]] && printf -v "$5" "$_sp_suffix"
return 0
}
test_paths=(
'/etc/bash.bashrc'
'/usr/bin/grep'
'/Users/jdoe/.bash_profile'
'/Library/Application Support/'
'readme.new.txt'
)
for p in "${test_paths[@]}"; do
echo ----- "$p"
parentpath= fname= fnameroot= suffix=
splitPath "$p" parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
for n in parentpath fname fnameroot suffix; do
echo "$n=${!n}"
done
done
执行功能的测试代码：
test_paths=(
'/etc/bash.bashrc'
'/usr/bin/grep'
'/Users/jdoe/.bash_profile'
'/Library/Application Support/'
'readme.new.txt'
)
for p in "${test_paths[@]}"; do
echo ----- "$p"
parentpath= fname= fnameroot= suffix=
splitPath "$p" parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
for n in parentpath fname fnameroot suffix; do
echo "$n=${!n}"
done
done
预期输出-注意边缘情况：
没有后缀的文件名以开头的文件名。（不考虑后缀的开头）以/结尾的输入路径（忽略尾随/）仅为文件名的输入路径（.作为父路径返回）超过的文件名-前缀标记（仅最后一个被视为后缀）：
----- /etc/bash.bashrc
parentpath=/etc
fname=bash.bashrc
fnameroot=bash
suffix=.bashrc
----- /usr/bin/grep
parentpath=/usr/bin
fname=grep
fnameroot=grep
suffix=
----- /Users/jdoe/.bash_profile
parentpath=/Users/jdoe
fname=.bash_profile
fnameroot=.bash_profile
suffix=
----- /Library/Application Support/
parentpath=/Library
fname=Application Support
fnameroot=Application Support
suffix=
----- readme.new.txt
parentpath=.
fname=readme.new.txt
fnameroot=readme.new
suffix=.txt
