这里已经有很多很好的答案了，但这里是我的2美分:p

你可以使用IIFE(立即调用函数表达式):

Avoiding pollution in the global namespace. Variables defined in IIFE (or even any normal function) don't overwrite definitions in global scope. Protecting code from being accessed by outer code. Everything that you define within the IIFE can be only be accessed within the IIFE. It protects code from being modified by outer code. Only what you explicitly return as the result of function or set as value to outer variables is accessible by outer code. Avoid naming functions that you don't need to use repeatedly. Though it's possible to use a named function in IIFE pattern you don't do it as there is no need to call it repeatedly, generally. For Universal Module Definitions which is used in many JS libraries. Check this question for details.

IIFE通常以以下方式使用:

(function(param){
   //code here
})(args);

您可以省略匿名函数周围的括号()，并在匿名函数之前使用void运算符。

void function(param){
   //code here
}(args);

在ES6语法中(为自己发帖，因为我一直登陆这个页面寻找一个快速的例子):

// simple
const simpleNumber = (() => {
  return true ? 1 : 2
})()

// with param
const isPositiveNumber = ((number) => {
  return number > 0 ? true : false
})(4)

自执行匿名函数。它在创建时立即执行。

举个简单的例子，说明这个方法很有用:

function prepareList(el){
  var list = (function(){
    var l = []; 
    for(var i = 0; i < 9; i++){
     l.push(i);
    }
    return l;
  })();

  return function (el){
    for(var i = 0, l = list.length; i < l; i++){
      if(list[i] == el) return list[i];
    }
    return null;
  }; 
} 

var search = prepareList();
search(2);
search(3);

因此，不是每次都创建一个列表，而是只创建一次(开销更少)。

自执行函数通常用于封装上下文和避免名称混淆。在(function(){..})()中定义的任何变量都不是全局变量。

的代码

var same_name = 1;

var myVar = (function() {
    var same_name = 2;
    console.log(same_name);
})();

console.log(same_name);

产生如下输出:

2
1

通过使用这种语法，可以避免与JavaScript代码中其他地方声明的全局变量发生冲突。

(function () {
})();

这被称为IIFE(立即调用函数表达式)。它是著名的JavaScript设计模式之一，是现代Module模式的核心和灵魂。顾名思义，它在创建后立即执行。此模式创建一个隔离的或私有的执行范围。

在ECMAScript 6之前的JavaScript使用词法作用域，因此IIFE用于模拟块作用域。(在ECMAScript 6中，通过引入let和const关键字，块范围是可能的。) 关于词汇范围问题的参考

用IIFE模拟块作用域

使用IIFE的性能优势是能够通过减少范围查找来将常用的全局对象(如window、document等)作为参数传递。(请记住，JavaScript在局部作用域和全局作用域的链中寻找属性)。因此，在局部作用域中访问全局对象可以减少查找时间，如下所示。

(function (globalObj) {
//Access the globalObj
})(window);

这里已经有很多很好的答案了，但这里是我的2美分:p

你可以使用IIFE(立即调用函数表达式):

Avoiding pollution in the global namespace. Variables defined in IIFE (or even any normal function) don't overwrite definitions in global scope. Protecting code from being accessed by outer code. Everything that you define within the IIFE can be only be accessed within the IIFE. It protects code from being modified by outer code. Only what you explicitly return as the result of function or set as value to outer variables is accessible by outer code. Avoid naming functions that you don't need to use repeatedly. Though it's possible to use a named function in IIFE pattern you don't do it as there is no need to call it repeatedly, generally. For Universal Module Definitions which is used in many JS libraries. Check this question for details.

IIFE通常以以下方式使用:

(function(param){
   //code here
})(args);

您可以省略匿名函数周围的括号()，并在匿名函数之前使用void运算符。

void function(param){
   //code here
}(args);