这里已经有很多很好的答案了，但这里是我的2美分:p

你可以使用IIFE(立即调用函数表达式):

Avoiding pollution in the global namespace. Variables defined in IIFE (or even any normal function) don't overwrite definitions in global scope. Protecting code from being accessed by outer code. Everything that you define within the IIFE can be only be accessed within the IIFE. It protects code from being modified by outer code. Only what you explicitly return as the result of function or set as value to outer variables is accessible by outer code. Avoid naming functions that you don't need to use repeatedly. Though it's possible to use a named function in IIFE pattern you don't do it as there is no need to call it repeatedly, generally. For Universal Module Definitions which is used in many JS libraries. Check this question for details.

IIFE通常以以下方式使用:

(function(param){
   //code here
})(args);

您可以省略匿名函数周围的括号()，并在匿名函数之前使用void运算符。

void function(param){
   //code here
}(args);

还有一个用例是内存，缓存对象不是全局的:

var calculate = (function() {
  var cache = {};
  return function(a) {

    if (cache[a]) {
      return cache[a];
    } else {
      // Calculate heavy operation
      cache[a] = heavyOperation(a);
      return cache[a];
    }
  }
})();

它是一个立即调用的函数表达式，简称IIFE。它在创建后立即执行。

它与任何事件的任何事件处理程序(例如document.onload)无关。 考虑第一对括号中的部分:(function(){})();....它是一个正则函数表达式。然后看最后一对(function(){})();，它通常被添加到表达式中来调用函数;在这种情况下，我们之前的表达式。

当试图避免污染全局名称空间时，通常使用此模式，因为在IIFE中使用的所有变量(像在任何其他正常函数中一样)在其作用域之外是不可见的。 这可能就是为什么您将此结构与window的事件处理程序混淆的原因。Onload，因为它经常被这样使用:

(function(){
  // all your code here
  var foo = function() {};
  window.onload = foo;
  // ...
})();
// foo is unreachable here (it’s undefined)

Guffa建议的更正:

函数在创建后立即执行，而不是在解析后执行。整个脚本块在执行其中的任何代码之前都会被解析。此外，解析代码并不自动意味着它被执行，例如，如果IIFE在函数内部，那么直到函数被调用，它才会被执行。

更新 因为这是一个非常流行的话题，值得一提的是，IIFE也可以用ES6的箭头函数来编写(就像Gajus在评论中指出的那样):

((foo) => {
 // do something with foo here foo
})('foo value')

在ES6语法中(为自己发帖，因为我一直登陆这个页面寻找一个快速的例子):

// simple
const simpleNumber = (() => {
  return true ? 1 : 2
})()

// with param
const isPositiveNumber = ((number) => {
  return number > 0 ? true : false
})(4)

通常，我们不会在程序中写入函数后立即调用它。 简单来说，当您在函数创建后立即调用它时，它被称为IIFE——一个漂亮的名字。

这里已经有很多很好的答案了，但这里是我的2美分:p

你可以使用IIFE(立即调用函数表达式):

Avoiding pollution in the global namespace. Variables defined in IIFE (or even any normal function) don't overwrite definitions in global scope. Protecting code from being accessed by outer code. Everything that you define within the IIFE can be only be accessed within the IIFE. It protects code from being modified by outer code. Only what you explicitly return as the result of function or set as value to outer variables is accessible by outer code. Avoid naming functions that you don't need to use repeatedly. Though it's possible to use a named function in IIFE pattern you don't do it as there is no need to call it repeatedly, generally. For Universal Module Definitions which is used in many JS libraries. Check this question for details.

IIFE通常以以下方式使用:

(function(param){
   //code here
})(args);

您可以省略匿名函数周围的括号()，并在匿名函数之前使用void运算符。

void function(param){
   //code here
}(args);