你也可以使用pythonlangutil:

from pythonlangutil.overload import Overload, signature

class A:
    @Overload
    @signature()
    def stackoverflow(self):    
        print('first method')
    
    @stackoverflow.overload
    @signature("int")
    def stackoverflow(self, i):
        print('second method', i)

我刚刚遇到了重载.py (Python 3的函数重载)，有兴趣的同学可以去看看。

从链接库的README文件:

overloading is a module that provides function dispatching based on the types and number of runtime arguments. When an overloaded function is invoked, the dispatcher compares the supplied arguments to available function signatures and calls the implementation that provides the most accurate match. Features Function validation upon registration and detailed resolution rules guarantee a unique, well-defined outcome at runtime. Implements function resolution caching for great performance. Supports optional parameters (default values) in function signatures. Evaluates both positional and keyword arguments when resolving the best match. Supports fallback functions and execution of shared code. Supports argument polymorphism. Supports classes and inheritance, including classmethods and staticmethods.

Python 3。X包含标准类型库，允许使用@overload装饰器进行方法重载。不幸的是，这是为了使代码更具可读性，因为@overload装饰方法之后需要跟随一个处理不同参数的非装饰方法。 除了你的例子，你可以在这里找到更多:

from typing import overload
from typing import Any, Optional
class A(object):
    @overload
    def stackoverflow(self) -> None:    
        print('first method')
    @overload
    def stackoverflow(self, i: Any) -> None:
        print('second method', i)
    def stackoverflow(self, i: Optional[Any] = None) -> None:
        if not i:
            print('first method')
        else:
            print('second method', i)

ob=A()
ob.stackoverflow(2)

这是方法重载，而不是方法重写。在Python中，你可以在一个函数中完成所有工作:

class A:
    def stackoverflow(self, i='some_default_value'):
        print('only method')

ob=A()
ob.stackoverflow(2)
ob.stackoverflow()

请参阅Python教程的默认实参值部分。请参阅“Least surprise”和可变默认参数，以了解需要避免的常见错误。

有关Python 3.4中添加的单个分派泛型函数的信息，请参阅PEP 443:

>>> from functools import singledispatch
>>> @singledispatch
... def fun(arg, verbose=False):
...     if verbose:
...         print("Let me just say,", end=" ")
...     print(arg)
>>> @fun.register(int)
... def _(arg, verbose=False):
...     if verbose:
...         print("Strength in numbers, eh?", end=" ")
...     print(arg)
...
>>> @fun.register(list)
... def _(arg, verbose=False):
...     if verbose:
...         print("Enumerate this:")
...     for i, elem in enumerate(arg):
...         print(i, elem)

你也可以使用pythonlangutil:

from pythonlangutil.overload import Overload, signature

class A:
    @Overload
    @signature()
    def stackoverflow(self):    
        print('first method')
    
    @stackoverflow.overload
    @signature("int")
    def stackoverflow(self, i):
        print('second method', i)

有一些库可以简化这个过程:

Functools -如果你只需要第一个参数，使用@singledispatch

李子调度-功能丰富的方法/函数重载。

多调度-替代梅花少功能，但轻量级。