I'm using a python script as a driver for a hydrodynamics code. When it comes time to run the simulation, I use subprocess.Popen to run the code, collect the output from stdout and stderr into a subprocess.PIPE --- then I can print (and save to a log-file) the output information, and check for any errors. The problem is, I have no idea how the code is progressing. If I run it directly from the command line, it gives me output about what iteration its at, what time, what the next time-step is, etc.
是否有一种方法既存储输出(用于日志记录和错误检查),又产生实时流输出?
我的代码的相关部分:
ret_val = subprocess.Popen( run_command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True )
output, errors = ret_val.communicate()
log_file.write(output)
print output
if( ret_val.returncode ):
print "RUN failed\n\n%s\n\n" % (errors)
success = False
if( errors ): log_file.write("\n\n%s\n\n" % errors)
最初,我将run_command通过tee输送,以便将副本直接发送到日志文件,流仍然直接输出到终端——但这样我就不能存储任何错误(据我所知)。
目前我的临时解决方案是:
ret_val = subprocess.Popen( run_command, stdout=log_file, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True )
while not ret_val.poll():
log_file.flush()
然后,在另一个终端上运行tail -f log.txt (s.t. log_file = 'log.txt')。
我找到了一个解决复杂问题的简单方法。
stdout和stderr都需要流化。
它们都需要是非阻塞的:当没有输出时,当有太多输出时。
不想使用Threading或multiprocessing,也不愿意使用pexpect。
这个解决方案使用了我在这里找到的一个要点
import subprocess as sbp
import fcntl
import os
def non_block_read(output):
fd = output.fileno()
fl = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFL)
fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, fl | os.O_NONBLOCK)
try:
return output.readline()
except:
return ""
with sbp.Popen('find / -name fdsfjdlsjf',
shell=True,
universal_newlines=True,
encoding='utf-8',
bufsize=1,
stdout=sbp.PIPE,
stderr=sbp.PIPE) as p:
while True:
out = non_block_read(p.stdout)
err = non_block_read(p.stderr)
if out:
print(out, end='')
if err:
print('E: ' + err, end='')
if p.poll() is not None:
break
Python 3的TLDR:
import subprocess
import sys
with open("test.log", "wb") as f:
process = subprocess.Popen(your_command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
for c in iter(lambda: process.stdout.read(1), b""):
sys.stdout.buffer.write(c)
f.buffer.write(c)
你有两种方法来做到这一点,要么从read或readline函数创建一个迭代器,然后做:
import subprocess
import sys
# replace "w" with "wb" for Python 3
with open("test.log", "w") as f:
process = subprocess.Popen(your_command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
# replace "" with b'' for Python 3
for c in iter(lambda: process.stdout.read(1), ""):
sys.stdout.write(c)
f.write(c)
or
import subprocess
import sys
# replace "w" with "wb" for Python 3
with open("test.log", "w") as f:
process = subprocess.Popen(your_command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
# replace "" with b"" for Python 3
for line in iter(process.stdout.readline, ""):
sys.stdout.write(line)
f.write(line)
或者您可以创建一个读取器和一个写入器文件。将写入器传递给Popen并从读取器读取
import io
import time
import subprocess
import sys
filename = "test.log"
with io.open(filename, "wb") as writer, io.open(filename, "rb", 1) as reader:
process = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=writer)
while process.poll() is None:
sys.stdout.write(reader.read())
time.sleep(0.5)
# Read the remaining
sys.stdout.write(reader.read())
通过这种方式,您可以将数据写入test.log和标准输出中。
文件方法的唯一优点是代码不会阻塞。因此,您可以在此期间做任何您想做的事情,并以无阻塞的方式随时从阅读器读取。当您使用PIPE时,read和readline函数将阻塞,直到分别将一个字符写入管道或将一行字符写入管道。
我发现如何以流的方式读取子进程的输出(同时也在一个变量中捕获它)在Python中(对于多个输出流,即stdout和stderr)是通过传递子进程一个命名的临时文件来写入,然后在单独的读取句柄中打开相同的临时文件。
注意:这是针对Python 3的
stdout_write = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
stdout_read = io.open(stdout_write.name, "r")
stderr_write = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
stderr_read = io.open(stderr_write.name, "r")
stdout_captured = ""
stderr_captured = ""
proc = subprocess.Popen(["command"], stdout=stdout_write, stderr=stderr_write)
while True:
proc_done: bool = cli_process.poll() is not None
while True:
content = stdout_read.read(1024)
sys.stdout.write(content)
stdout_captured += content
if len(content) < 1024:
break
while True:
content = stderr_read.read(1024)
sys.stderr.write(content)
stdout_captured += content
if len(content) < 1024:
break
if proc_done:
break
time.sleep(0.1)
stdout_write.close()
stdout_read.close()
stderr_write.close()
stderr_read.close()
但是,如果您不需要捕获输出,那么您可以简单地传递sys。Stdout和sys。stderr流从你的Python脚本到被调用的子进程,正如xaav在他的回答中建议的那样:
subprocess.Popen(["command"], stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)