在试图理解一个程序时,或者在某些极端情况下,找出某个东西的类型是很有用的。我知道调试器可以向您显示一些类型信息,在这些情况下,您通常可以依靠类型推断来避免不指定类型,但我仍然希望有类似Python的type()的东西。

dynamicType(参见这个问题)

更新:在Swift的最新版本中,obj已被更改。dynamicType现在提供了对类型的引用,而不是动态类型的实例。

这款似乎最有希望,但到目前为止我还没能找到实际的型号。

class MyClass {
    var count = 0
}

let mc = MyClass()

# update: this now evaluates as true
mc.dynamicType === MyClass.self

我还尝试使用类引用来实例化一个新对象,这确实有效,但奇怪的是,给了我一个错误,说我必须添加一个必需的初始化器:

工作原理:

class MyClass {
    var count = 0
    required init() {
    }
}

let myClass2 = MyClass.self
let mc2 = MyClass2()

不过,要真正发现任何给定对象的类型,这仍然只是一小步

编辑:我已经删除了大量现在不相关的细节-如果你感兴趣,看看编辑历史:)


当前回答

斯威夫特2.0:

进行这种类型内省的正确方法是使用Mirror结构体,

    let stringObject:String = "testing"
    let stringArrayObject:[String] = ["one", "two"]
    let viewObject = UIView()
    let anyObject:Any = "testing"

    let stringMirror = Mirror(reflecting: stringObject)
    let stringArrayMirror = Mirror(reflecting: stringArrayObject)
    let viewMirror = Mirror(reflecting: viewObject)
    let anyMirror = Mirror(reflecting: anyObject)

然后要从镜像结构体中访问类型本身,你可以像这样使用属性subjectType:

    // Prints "String"
    print(stringMirror.subjectType)

    // Prints "Array<String>"
    print(stringArrayMirror.subjectType)

    // Prints "UIView"
    print(viewMirror.subjectType)

    // Prints "String"
    print(anyMirror.subjectType)

然后你可以这样使用:

    if anyMirror.subjectType == String.self {
        print("anyObject is a string!")
    } else {
        print("anyObject is not a string!")
    }

其他回答

如果你得到一个“总是真/失败”的警告,你可能需要在使用is之前强制转换为Any

(foo as Any) is SomeClass
//: Playground - noun: a place where people can play

import UIKit

class A {
    class func a() {
        print("yeah")
    }

    func getInnerValue() {
        self.dynamicType.a()
    }
}

class B: A {
    override class func a() {
        print("yeah yeah")
    }
}

B.a() // yeah yeah
A.a() // yeah
B().getInnerValue() // yeah yeah
A().getInnerValue() // yeah

以下是我推荐的两种方法:

if let thisShape = aShape as? Square 

Or:

aShape.isKindOfClass(Square)

下面是一个详细的例子:

class Shape { }
class Square: Shape { } 
class Circle: Shape { }

var aShape = Shape()
aShape = Square()

if let thisShape = aShape as? Square {
    println("Its a square")
} else {
    println("Its not a square")
}

if aShape.isKindOfClass(Square) {
    println("Its a square")
} else {
    println("Its not a square")
}

针对Swift 3.0

String(describing: <Class-Name>.self)

Swift 2.0 - 2.3

String(<Class-Name>)

斯威夫特2.0:

进行这种类型内省的正确方法是使用Mirror结构体,

    let stringObject:String = "testing"
    let stringArrayObject:[String] = ["one", "two"]
    let viewObject = UIView()
    let anyObject:Any = "testing"

    let stringMirror = Mirror(reflecting: stringObject)
    let stringArrayMirror = Mirror(reflecting: stringArrayObject)
    let viewMirror = Mirror(reflecting: viewObject)
    let anyMirror = Mirror(reflecting: anyObject)

然后要从镜像结构体中访问类型本身,你可以像这样使用属性subjectType:

    // Prints "String"
    print(stringMirror.subjectType)

    // Prints "Array<String>"
    print(stringArrayMirror.subjectType)

    // Prints "UIView"
    print(viewMirror.subjectType)

    // Prints "String"
    print(anyMirror.subjectType)

然后你可以这样使用:

    if anyMirror.subjectType == String.self {
        print("anyObject is a string!")
    } else {
        print("anyObject is not a string!")
    }