如何检查给定的字符串是否是有效的URL地址?
我对正则表达式的知识是基本的，不允许我从我已经在网上看到的数百个正则表达式中进行选择。
当前回答
匹配一个URL有各种各样的选项，这取决于你的要求。 下面是一些例子。
_(^|[\s.:;?\-\]<\(])(https?://[-\w;/?:@&=+$\|\_.!~*\|'()\[\]%#,☺]+[\w/#](\(\))?)(?=$|[\s',\|\(\).:;?\-\[\]>\)])_i
#\b(([\w-]+://?|www[.])[^\s()<>]+(?:\([\w\d]+\)|([^[:punct:]\s]|/)))#iS
有一个链接提供了10多种不同的URL验证方法。
https://mathiasbynens.be/demo/url-regex
其他回答
我一直在写一篇深入的文章，讨论使用正则表达式进行URI验证。它基于RFC3986。
正则表达式URI验证
虽然这篇文章还不完整，但我已经提出了一个PHP函数，它在验证HTTP和FTP url方面做得非常好。以下是当前版本:
// function url_valid($url) { Rev:20110423_2000
//
// Return associative array of valid URI components, or FALSE if $url is not
// RFC-3986 compliant. If the passed URL begins with: "www." or "ftp.", then
// "http://" or "ftp://" is prepended and the corrected full-url is stored in
// the return array with a key name "url". This value should be used by the caller.
//
// Return value: FALSE if $url is not valid, otherwise array of URI components:
// e.g.
// Given: "http://www.jmrware.com:80/articles?height=10&width=75#fragone"
// Array(
// [scheme] => http
// [authority] => www.jmrware.com:80
// [userinfo] =>
// [host] => www.jmrware.com
// [IP_literal] =>
// [IPV6address] =>
// [ls32] =>
// [IPvFuture] =>
// [IPv4address] =>
// [regname] => www.jmrware.com
// [port] => 80
// [path_abempty] => /articles
// [query] => height=10&width=75
// [fragment] => fragone
// [url] => http://www.jmrware.com:80/articles?height=10&width=75#fragone
// )
function url_valid($url) {
if (strpos($url, 'www.') === 0) $url = 'http://'. $url;
if (strpos($url, 'ftp.') === 0) $url = 'ftp://'. $url;
if (!preg_match('/# Valid absolute URI having a non-empty, valid DNS host.
^
(?P<scheme>[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+\-.]*):\/\/
(?P<authority>
(?:(?P<userinfo>(?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*)@)?
(?P<host>
(?P<IP_literal>
\[
(?:
(?P<IPV6address>
(?: (?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}
| ::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}
| (?: [0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,1}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:: [0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::
)
(?P<ls32>[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}
| (?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){3}
(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)
)
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:: [0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::
)
| (?P<IPvFuture>[Vv][0-9A-Fa-f]+\.[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:]+)
)
\]
)
| (?P<IPv4address>(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){3}
(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?))
| (?P<regname>(?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})+)
)
(?::(?P<port>[0-9]*))?
)
(?P<path_abempty>(?:\/(?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:@]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*)*)
(?:\?(?P<query> (?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:@\\/?]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*))?
(?:\#(?P<fragment> (?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:@\\/?]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*))?
$
/mx', $url, $m)) return FALSE;
switch ($m['scheme']) {
case 'https':
case 'http':
if ($m['userinfo']) return FALSE; // HTTP scheme does not allow userinfo.
break;
case 'ftps':
case 'ftp':
break;
default:
return FALSE; // Unrecognized URI scheme. Default to FALSE.
}
// Validate host name conforms to DNS "dot-separated-parts".
if ($m['regname']) { // If host regname specified, check for DNS conformance.
if (!preg_match('/# HTTP DNS host name.
^ # Anchor to beginning of string.
(?!.{256}) # Overall host length is less than 256 chars.
(?: # Group dot separated host part alternatives.
[A-Za-z0-9]\. # Either a single alphanum followed by dot
| # or... part has more than one char (63 chars max).
[A-Za-z0-9] # Part first char is alphanum (no dash).
[A-Za-z0-9\-]{0,61} # Internal chars are alphanum plus dash.
[A-Za-z0-9] # Part last char is alphanum (no dash).
\. # Each part followed by literal dot.
)* # Zero or more parts before top level domain.
(?: # Explicitly specify top level domains.
com|edu|gov|int|mil|net|org|biz|
info|name|pro|aero|coop|museum|
asia|cat|jobs|mobi|tel|travel|
[A-Za-z]{2}) # Country codes are exactly two alpha chars.
\.? # Top level domain can end in a dot.
$ # Anchor to end of string.
/ix', $m['host'])) return FALSE;
}
$m['url'] = $url;
for ($i = 0; isset($m[$i]); ++$i) unset($m[$i]);
return $m; // return TRUE == array of useful named $matches plus the valid $url.
}
这个函数使用了两个正则表达式;一个用于匹配有效通用uri的子集(具有非空主机的绝对uri)，另一个用于验证DNS“点分隔部分”主机名。虽然这个函数目前只验证HTTP和FTP方案，但它的结构使它可以很容易地扩展以处理其他方案。
我无法找到我正在寻找的正则表达式，所以我修改了一个正则表达式来满足我的要求，显然现在它似乎工作得很好。我的要求是:
匹配带有协议的url (www.gooogle.com) 使用查询参数和路径匹配url (http://subdomain.web-site.com/cgi-bin/perl.cgi?key1=value1&key2=value2e) 不要匹配有不可接受字符的url(例如。' '£)，例如:(www.google.com/somthing"/somethingmore)
以下是我的想法，任何建议都很感激:
@Test
public void testWebsiteUrl(){
String regularExpression = "((http|ftp|https):\\/\\/)?[\\w\\-_]+(\\.[\\w\\-_]+)+([\\w\\-\\.,@?^=%&:/~\\+#]*[\\w\\-\\@?^=%&/~\\+#])?";
assertTrue("www.google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("www.google.co.uk".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://www.google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://www.google.co.uk".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("https://www.google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("https://www.google.co.uk".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("google.co.uk".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("google.mu".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("mes.intnet.mu".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("cse.uom.ac.mu".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://www.google.com/path".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://subdomain.web-site.com/cgi-bin/perl.cgi?key1=value1&key2=value2e".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://www.google.com/?queryparam=123".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://www.google.com/path?queryparam=123".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("www..dr.google".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("www:google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("https://www@.google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("https://www.google.com\"".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("https://www.google.com'".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("http://www.google.com/path'".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("http://subdomain.web-site.com/cgi-bin/perl.cgi?key1=value1&key2=value2e'".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("http://www.google.com/?queryparam=123'".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("http://www.google.com/path?queryparam=12'3".matches(regularExpression));
}
下面的表达式将适用于所有流行域。它将接受以下网址:
www.yourwebsite.com http://www.yourwebsite.com www.yourwebsite.com yourwebsite.com yourwebsite.co.in
此外，它将使消息与url作为链接也 例如，请访问你的网站 在上面的例子中，它将使yourwebsite.com作为超链接
if (new RegExp("([-a-z0-9]{1,63}\\.)*?[a-z0-9][-a-z0-9]{0,61}[a-z0-9]\\.(com|com/|org|gov|cm|net|online|live|biz|us|uk|co.us|co.uk|in|co.in|int|info|edu|mil|ca|co|co.au|org/|gov/|cm/|net/|online/|live/|biz/|us/|uk/|co.us/|co.uk/|in/|co.in/|int/|info/|edu/|mil/|ca/|co/|co.au/)(/[-\\w@\\+\\.~#\\?*&/=% ]*)?$").test(strMessage) || (new RegExp("^[a-z ]+[\.]?[a-z ]+?[\.]+[a-z ]+?[\.]+[a-z ]+?[-\\w@\\+\\.~#\\?*&/=% ]*").test(strMessage) && new RegExp("([a-zA-Z0-9]+://)?([a-zA-Z0-9_]+:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+@)?([a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,4})(:[0-9]+)?(/.*)?").test(strMessage)) || (new RegExp("^[a-z ]+[\.]?[a-z ]+?[-\\w@\\+\\.~#\\?*&/=% ]*").test(strMessage) && new RegExp("([a-zA-Z0-9]+://)?([a-zA-Z0-9_]+:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+@)?([a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,4})(:[0-9]+)?(/.*)?").test(strMessage))) {
if (new RegExp("^[a-z ]+[\.]?[a-z ]+?[\.]+[a-z ]+?[\.]+[a-z ]+?$").test(strMessage) && new RegExp("([a-zA-Z0-9]+://)?([a-zA-Z0-9_]+:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+@)?([a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,4})(:[0-9]+)?(/.*)?").test(strMessage)) {
var url1 = /(^|<|\s)([\w\.]+\.(?:com|org|gov|cm|net|online|live|biz|us|uk|co.us|co.uk|in|co.in|int|info|edu|mil|ca|co|co.au))(\s|>|$)/g;
var html = $.trim(strMessage);
if (html) {
html = html.replace(url1, '$1<a style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline;" target="_blank" href="http://$2">$2</a>$3');
}
returnString = html;
return returnString;
} else {
var url1 = /(^|<|\s)(www\..+?\.(?:com|org|gov|cm|net|online|live|biz|us|uk|co.us|co.uk|in|co.in|int|info|edu|mil|ca|co|co.au)[^,\s]*)(\s|>|$)/g,
url2 = /(^|<|\s)(((https?|ftp):\/\/|mailto:).+?\.(?:com|org|gov|cm|net|online|live|biz|us|uk|co.us|co.uk|in|co.in|int|info|edu|mil|ca|co|co.au)[^,\s]*)(\s|>|$)/g,
url3 = /(^|<|\s)([\w\.]+\.(?:com|org|gov|cm|net|online|live|biz|us|uk|co.us|co.uk|in|co.in|int|info|edu|mil|ca|co|co.au)[^,\s]*)(\s|>|$)/g;
var html = $.trim(strMessage);
if (html) {
html = html.replace(url1, '$1<a style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline;" target="_blank" href="http://$2">$2</a>$3').replace(url2, '$1<a style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline;" target="_blank" href="$2">$2</a>$5').replace(url3, '$1<a style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline;" target="_blank" href="http://$2">$2</a>$3');
}
returnString = html;
return returnString;
}
}
简单的FILTER_VALIDATE_URL有什么问题?
$url = "http://www.example.com";
if(!filter_var($url, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL))
{
echo "URL is not valid";
}
else
{
echo "URL is valid";
}
我知道这不是确切的问题，但当我需要验证url时，它为我做了工作，所以认为它可能对其他遇到这篇文章寻找同样事情的人有用
function validateURL(textval) {
var urlregex = new RegExp(
"^(http|https|ftp)\://([a-zA-Z0-9\.\-]+(\:[a-zA-Z0-9\.&%\$\-]+)*@)*((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]{1}[0-9]{2}|[1-9]{1}[0-9]{1}|[1-9])\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]{1}[0-9]{2}|[1-9]{1}[0-9]{1}|[1-9]|0)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]{1}[0-9]{2}|[1-9]{1}[0-9]{1}|[1-9]|0)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]{1}[0-9]{2}|[1-9]{1}[0-9]{1}|[0-9])|localhost|([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+\.)*[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+\.(com|edu|gov|int|mil|net|org|biz|arpa|info|name|pro|aero|coop|museum|[a-zA-Z]{2}))(\:[0-9]+)*(/($|[a-zA-Z0-9\.\,\?\'\\\+&%\$#\=~_\-]+))*$");
return urlregex.test(textval);
}
匹配 http://site.com/dir/file.php?var=moo | ftp://user:pass@site.com:21/file/dir
Non-Matches site。com | http://site.com/dir//
