有没有办法使一个Oracle查询行为像它包含一个MySQL限制子句?

在MySQL中,我可以这样做:

select * 
from sometable
order by name
limit 20,10

要得到第21行到第30行(跳过前20行,给出接下来的10行)。这些行是按顺序选择的,所以实际上是从第20个名字的字母顺序开始的。

在Oracle中,人们唯一提到的是rownum伪列,但它在order by之前求值,这意味着:

select * 
from sometable
where rownum <= 10
order by name

将返回一个随机的10行按名称排序的集合,这通常不是我想要的。它也不允许指定偏移量。


当前回答

对于查询返回的每一行,ROWNUM伪列返回一个数字,指示Oracle从表或连接行的集合中选择该行的顺序。所选的第一行的ROWNUM为1,第二行为2,依此类推。

  SELECT * FROM sometable1 so
    WHERE so.id IN (
    SELECT so2.id from sometable2 so2
    WHERE ROWNUM <=5
    )
    AND ORDER BY so.somefield AND ROWNUM <= 100 

我已经在oracle server 11.2.0.1.0中实现了这个功能

其他回答

在Oracle中,带有排序的分页查询非常棘手。

Oracle提供了一个ROWNUM伪列,它返回一个数字,指示数据库从表或连接视图集中选择行的顺序。

ROWNUM是一个伪列,它会给很多人带来麻烦。ROWNUM值不会永久地分配给行(这是一个常见的误解)。当实际分配ROWNUM值时,可能会令人困惑。ROWNUM值在行传递查询的过滤器谓词之后,但在查询聚合或排序之前分配给该行。

而且,ROWNUM值只有在赋值之后才会递增。

这就是为什么下面的查询不返回行:

 select * 
 from (select *
       from some_table
       order by some_column)
 where ROWNUM <= 4 and ROWNUM > 1; 

查询结果的第一行没有传递ROWNUM > 1谓词,因此ROWNUM不增加到2。因此,没有ROWNUM值大于1,因此,查询不返回任何行。

正确定义的查询应该是这样的:

select *
from (select *, ROWNUM rnum
      from (select *
            from skijump_results
            order by points)
      where ROWNUM <= 4)
where rnum > 1; 

在Vertabelo博客上的文章中可以找到更多关于分页查询的信息:

Oracle ROWNUM解释 Top-N和分页查询

您可以为此使用子查询

select *
from  
( select * 
  from emp 
  order by sal desc ) 
where ROWNUM <= 5;

还可以查看Oracle/AskTom上的关于ROWNUM和限制结果的主题以获得更多信息。

更新: 为了同时限制结果的下界和上界,事情变得有点臃肿

select * from 
( select a.*, ROWNUM rnum from 
  ( <your_query_goes_here, with order by> ) a 
  where ROWNUM <= :MAX_ROW_TO_FETCH )
where rnum  >= :MIN_ROW_TO_FETCH;

(复制自指定的AskTom-article)

更新2: 从Oracle 12c(12.1)开始,就有了限制行或从偏移量开始的语法。

SELECT * 
FROM   sometable
ORDER BY name
OFFSET 20 ROWS FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY;

更多的例子请看这个答案。谢谢克鲁米亚的提示。

作为公认答案的扩展,Oracle内部使用ROW_NUMBER/RANK函数。OFFSET FETCH语法是语法糖。

可以使用DBMS_UTILITY来观察。EXPAND_SQL_TEXT过程:

准备样例:

CREATE TABLE rownum_order_test (
  val  NUMBER
);

INSERT ALL
  INTO rownum_order_test
SELECT level
FROM   dual
CONNECT BY level <= 10;
COMMIT;

查询:

SELECT val
FROM   rownum_order_test
ORDER BY val DESC
FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;

常规:

SELECT "A1"."VAL" "VAL" 
FROM  (SELECT "A2"."VAL" "VAL","A2"."VAL" "rowlimit_$_0",
               ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "A2"."VAL" DESC ) "rowlimit_$$_rownumber" 
      FROM "ROWNUM_ORDER_TEST" "A2") "A1" 
WHERE "A1"."rowlimit_$$_rownumber"<=5 ORDER BY "A1"."rowlimit_$_0" DESC;

db < > fiddle演示

获取展开的SQL文本:

declare
  x VARCHAR2(1000);
begin
 dbms_utility.expand_sql_text(
        input_sql_text => '
          SELECT val
          FROM   rownum_order_test
          ORDER BY val DESC
          FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY',
        output_sql_text => x);

  dbms_output.put_line(x);
end;
/

WITH TIES扩展为RANK:

declare
  x VARCHAR2(1000);
begin
 dbms_utility.expand_sql_text(
        input_sql_text => '
          SELECT val
          FROM   rownum_order_test
          ORDER BY val DESC
          FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS WITH TIES',
        output_sql_text => x);

  dbms_output.put_line(x);
end;
/

SELECT "A1"."VAL" "VAL" 
FROM  (SELECT "A2"."VAL" "VAL","A2"."VAL" "rowlimit_$_0",
              RANK() OVER ( ORDER BY "A2"."VAL" DESC ) "rowlimit_$$_rank" 
       FROM "ROWNUM_ORDER_TEST" "A2") "A1" 
WHERE "A1"."rowlimit_$$_rank"<=5 ORDER BY "A1"."rowlimit_$_0" DESC

和偏移量:

declare
  x VARCHAR2(1000);
begin
 dbms_utility.expand_sql_text(
        input_sql_text => '
          SELECT val
FROM   rownum_order_test
ORDER BY val
OFFSET 4 ROWS FETCH NEXT 4 ROWS ONLY',
        output_sql_text => x);

  dbms_output.put_line(x);
end;
/


SELECT "A1"."VAL" "VAL" 
FROM  (SELECT "A2"."VAL" "VAL","A2"."VAL" "rowlimit_$_0",
             ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "A2"."VAL") "rowlimit_$$_rownumber" 
       FROM "ROWNUM_ORDER_TEST" "A2") "A1" 
       WHERE "A1"."rowlimit_$$_rownumber"<=CASE  WHEN (4>=0) THEN FLOOR(TO_NUMBER(4)) 
             ELSE 0 END +4 AND "A1"."rowlimit_$$_rownumber">4 
ORDER BY "A1"."rowlimit_$_0"

只有一个嵌套查询的解析解:

SELECT * FROM
(
   SELECT t.*, Row_Number() OVER (ORDER BY name) MyRow FROM sometable t
) 
WHERE MyRow BETWEEN 10 AND 20;

Rank()可以代替Row_Number(),但如果name有重复的值,则可能返回比预期更多的记录。

少一些SELECT语句。同时,减少性能消耗。出处:anibal@upf.br

SELECT *
    FROM   (SELECT t.*,
                   rownum AS rn
            FROM   shhospede t) a
    WHERE  a.rn >= in_first
    AND    a.rn <= in_first;