有没有办法使一个Oracle查询行为像它包含一个MySQL限制子句?
在MySQL中,我可以这样做:
select *
from sometable
order by name
limit 20,10
要得到第21行到第30行(跳过前20行,给出接下来的10行)。这些行是按顺序选择的,所以实际上是从第20个名字的字母顺序开始的。
在Oracle中,人们唯一提到的是rownum伪列,但它在order by之前求值,这意味着:
select *
from sometable
where rownum <= 10
order by name
将返回一个随机的10行按名称排序的集合,这通常不是我想要的。它也不允许指定偏移量。
在Oracle中,带有排序的分页查询非常棘手。
Oracle提供了一个ROWNUM伪列,它返回一个数字,指示数据库从表或连接视图集中选择行的顺序。
ROWNUM是一个伪列,它会给很多人带来麻烦。ROWNUM值不会永久地分配给行(这是一个常见的误解)。当实际分配ROWNUM值时,可能会令人困惑。ROWNUM值在行传递查询的过滤器谓词之后,但在查询聚合或排序之前分配给该行。
而且,ROWNUM值只有在赋值之后才会递增。
这就是为什么下面的查询不返回行:
select *
from (select *
from some_table
order by some_column)
where ROWNUM <= 4 and ROWNUM > 1;
查询结果的第一行没有传递ROWNUM > 1谓词,因此ROWNUM不增加到2。因此,没有ROWNUM值大于1,因此,查询不返回任何行。
正确定义的查询应该是这样的:
select *
from (select *, ROWNUM rnum
from (select *
from skijump_results
order by points)
where ROWNUM <= 4)
where rnum > 1;
在Vertabelo博客上的文章中可以找到更多关于分页查询的信息:
Oracle ROWNUM解释
Top-N和分页查询
您可以为此使用子查询
select *
from
( select *
from emp
order by sal desc )
where ROWNUM <= 5;
还可以查看Oracle/AskTom上的关于ROWNUM和限制结果的主题以获得更多信息。
更新:
为了同时限制结果的下界和上界,事情变得有点臃肿
select * from
( select a.*, ROWNUM rnum from
( <your_query_goes_here, with order by> ) a
where ROWNUM <= :MAX_ROW_TO_FETCH )
where rnum >= :MIN_ROW_TO_FETCH;
(复制自指定的AskTom-article)
更新2:
从Oracle 12c(12.1)开始,就有了限制行或从偏移量开始的语法。
SELECT *
FROM sometable
ORDER BY name
OFFSET 20 ROWS FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY;
更多的例子请看这个答案。谢谢克鲁米亚的提示。
作为公认答案的扩展,Oracle内部使用ROW_NUMBER/RANK函数。OFFSET FETCH语法是语法糖。
可以使用DBMS_UTILITY来观察。EXPAND_SQL_TEXT过程:
准备样例:
CREATE TABLE rownum_order_test (
val NUMBER
);
INSERT ALL
INTO rownum_order_test
SELECT level
FROM dual
CONNECT BY level <= 10;
COMMIT;
查询:
SELECT val
FROM rownum_order_test
ORDER BY val DESC
FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;
常规:
SELECT "A1"."VAL" "VAL"
FROM (SELECT "A2"."VAL" "VAL","A2"."VAL" "rowlimit_$_0",
ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "A2"."VAL" DESC ) "rowlimit_$$_rownumber"
FROM "ROWNUM_ORDER_TEST" "A2") "A1"
WHERE "A1"."rowlimit_$$_rownumber"<=5 ORDER BY "A1"."rowlimit_$_0" DESC;
db < > fiddle演示
获取展开的SQL文本:
declare
x VARCHAR2(1000);
begin
dbms_utility.expand_sql_text(
input_sql_text => '
SELECT val
FROM rownum_order_test
ORDER BY val DESC
FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY',
output_sql_text => x);
dbms_output.put_line(x);
end;
/
WITH TIES扩展为RANK:
declare
x VARCHAR2(1000);
begin
dbms_utility.expand_sql_text(
input_sql_text => '
SELECT val
FROM rownum_order_test
ORDER BY val DESC
FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS WITH TIES',
output_sql_text => x);
dbms_output.put_line(x);
end;
/
SELECT "A1"."VAL" "VAL"
FROM (SELECT "A2"."VAL" "VAL","A2"."VAL" "rowlimit_$_0",
RANK() OVER ( ORDER BY "A2"."VAL" DESC ) "rowlimit_$$_rank"
FROM "ROWNUM_ORDER_TEST" "A2") "A1"
WHERE "A1"."rowlimit_$$_rank"<=5 ORDER BY "A1"."rowlimit_$_0" DESC
和偏移量:
declare
x VARCHAR2(1000);
begin
dbms_utility.expand_sql_text(
input_sql_text => '
SELECT val
FROM rownum_order_test
ORDER BY val
OFFSET 4 ROWS FETCH NEXT 4 ROWS ONLY',
output_sql_text => x);
dbms_output.put_line(x);
end;
/
SELECT "A1"."VAL" "VAL"
FROM (SELECT "A2"."VAL" "VAL","A2"."VAL" "rowlimit_$_0",
ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "A2"."VAL") "rowlimit_$$_rownumber"
FROM "ROWNUM_ORDER_TEST" "A2") "A1"
WHERE "A1"."rowlimit_$$_rownumber"<=CASE WHEN (4>=0) THEN FLOOR(TO_NUMBER(4))
ELSE 0 END +4 AND "A1"."rowlimit_$$_rownumber">4
ORDER BY "A1"."rowlimit_$_0"