MySQL 5.5参考手册:InnoDB和外键约束

SELECT
  ke.REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA parentSchema,
  ke.referenced_table_name parentTable,
  ke.REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME parentColumnName,
  ke.TABLE_SCHEMA ChildSchema,
  ke.table_name childTable,
  ke.COLUMN_NAME ChildColumnName
FROM
  information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE ke
WHERE
  ke.referenced_table_name IS NOT NULL
  AND ke.REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME = 'ci_id' ## Find Foreign Keys linked to this Primary Key
ORDER BY
  ke.referenced_table_name;

06 2022

基于@Panayotis的回答，但结构更好。

这将从多个表中列出所有约束。 我还包含了TABLE_SCHEMA以显示数据库名称。

SQL

SELECT
    TABLE_SCHEMA AS 'Database',
    TABLE_NAME AS t1,
    REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME AS 't2 (reference table)',
    COLUMN_NAME AS 't1 column',
    REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME AS 't2 column (reference table)',
    CONSTRAINT_NAME AS 't1 (constrain name)'
FROM
    information_schema.key_column_usage
WHERE
    referenced_table_name IS NOT NULL

输出

+------------+------------+---------------------+---------------+----------------------------+------------------------+
| Database   | t1         | t2 (reference table) | t1 column     | t2 column (reference table) | t1 (constrain name)    |
+============+============+=====================+===============+============================+========================+
| foobar     | credential | userdetail          | userdetail_fk | id                         | credentialUserdetailFk |
+------------+------------+---------------------+---------------+----------------------------+------------------------+
| foobar     | loginlog   | userdetail          | userdetail_fk | id                         | loginlogUserdetailFk   |
+------------+------------+---------------------+---------------+----------------------------+------------------------+
+ client     | userdetail | client              | client_fk     | id                         | userdetailClientFk     |
+------------+------------+---------------------+---------------+----------------------------+------------------------+

列出一个db中的所有外键，包括描述

    SELECT  
    i1.CONSTRAINT_NAME, i1.TABLE_NAME,i1.COLUMN_NAME,
    i1.REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA,i1.REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME, i1.REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME,
    i2.UPDATE_RULE, i2.DELETE_RULE 
    FROM   
    information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS i1  
    INNER JOIN 
    information_schema.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS AS i2 
    ON i1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = i2.CONSTRAINT_NAME 
    WHERE i1.REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME IS NOT NULL  
    AND  i1.TABLE_SCHEMA  ='db_name';

限制到表中的特定列

AND i1.table_name = 'target_tb_name' AND i1.column_name = 'target_col_name'

给你:

SELECT *
FROM
  information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE
  REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME = 'X'
  AND REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME = 'X_id';

如果你有多个具有相似表/列名的数据库，你可能也希望将查询限制在一个特定的数据库:

SELECT *
FROM
  information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE
  REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME = 'X'
  AND REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME = 'X_id'
  AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'your_database_name';

这个解决方案不仅会显示所有的关系，还会显示约束的名称，这在某些情况下是必需的(例如drop constraint):

SELECT
    CONCAT(table_name, '.', column_name) AS 'foreign key',
    CONCAT(referenced_table_name, '.', referenced_column_name) AS 'references',
    constraint_name AS 'constraint name'
FROM
    information_schema.key_column_usage
WHERE
    referenced_table_name IS NOT NULL;

如果您想检查特定数据库中的表，请添加以下内容:

AND table_schema = 'database_name';

您可以在明智地命名为information_schema表中找到所有与模式相关的信息。

您可能需要检查REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS和KEY_COLUMN_USAGE表。前者告诉你哪些表被其他人引用;后者会告诉你他们的领域是如何相关的。