参见https://polarssl.org/kb/cryptography/asn1-key-structures-in-der-and-pem(搜索“BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY”页面)(以防万一，为子孙后代存档链接)。

开始RSA私钥是PKCS#1，只是一个RSA密钥。它本质上只是PKCS#8中的键对象，但是前面没有版本或算法标识符。BEGIN PRIVATE KEY是pkcs# 8，表示密钥类型包含在密钥数据本身中。从链接:

The unencrypted PKCS#8 encoded data starts and ends with the tags: -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- BASE64 ENCODED DATA -----END PRIVATE KEY----- Within the base64 encoded data the following DER structure is present: PrivateKeyInfo ::= SEQUENCE { version Version, algorithm AlgorithmIdentifier, PrivateKey BIT STRING } AlgorithmIdentifier ::= SEQUENCE { algorithm OBJECT IDENTIFIER, parameters ANY DEFINED BY algorithm OPTIONAL } So for an RSA private key, the OID is 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1 and there is a RSAPrivateKey as the PrivateKey key data bitstring.

相对于BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY，它总是指定一个RSA密钥，因此不包括密钥类型OID。开始RSA私钥是PKCS#1:

RSA Private Key file (PKCS#1) The RSA private key PEM file is specific for RSA keys. It starts and ends with the tags: -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- BASE64 ENCODED DATA -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- Within the base64 encoded data the following DER structure is present: RSAPrivateKey ::= SEQUENCE { version Version, modulus INTEGER, -- n publicExponent INTEGER, -- e privateExponent INTEGER, -- d prime1 INTEGER, -- p prime2 INTEGER, -- q exponent1 INTEGER, -- d mod (p-1) exponent2 INTEGER, -- d mod (q-1) coefficient INTEGER, -- (inverse of q) mod p otherPrimeInfos OtherPrimeInfos OPTIONAL }

看看<openssl/pem.h>。它给出了可能的BEGIN标记。

从上述链接复制内容以供快速参考:

#define PEM_STRING_X509_OLD "X509 CERTIFICATE"
#define PEM_STRING_X509     "CERTIFICATE"
#define PEM_STRING_X509_PAIR    "CERTIFICATE PAIR"
#define PEM_STRING_X509_TRUSTED "TRUSTED CERTIFICATE"
#define PEM_STRING_X509_REQ_OLD "NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST"
#define PEM_STRING_X509_REQ "CERTIFICATE REQUEST"
#define PEM_STRING_X509_CRL "X509 CRL"
#define PEM_STRING_EVP_PKEY "ANY PRIVATE KEY"
#define PEM_STRING_PUBLIC   "PUBLIC KEY"
#define PEM_STRING_RSA      "RSA PRIVATE KEY"
#define PEM_STRING_RSA_PUBLIC   "RSA PUBLIC KEY"
#define PEM_STRING_DSA      "DSA PRIVATE KEY"
#define PEM_STRING_DSA_PUBLIC   "DSA PUBLIC KEY"
#define PEM_STRING_PKCS7    "PKCS7"
#define PEM_STRING_PKCS7_SIGNED "PKCS #7 SIGNED DATA"
#define PEM_STRING_PKCS8    "ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY"
#define PEM_STRING_PKCS8INF "PRIVATE KEY"
#define PEM_STRING_DHPARAMS "DH PARAMETERS"
#define PEM_STRING_DHXPARAMS    "X9.42 DH PARAMETERS"
#define PEM_STRING_SSL_SESSION  "SSL SESSION PARAMETERS"
#define PEM_STRING_DSAPARAMS    "DSA PARAMETERS"
#define PEM_STRING_ECDSA_PUBLIC "ECDSA PUBLIC KEY"
#define PEM_STRING_ECPARAMETERS "EC PARAMETERS"
#define PEM_STRING_ECPRIVATEKEY "EC PRIVATE KEY"
#define PEM_STRING_PARAMETERS   "PARAMETERS"
#define PEM_STRING_CMS      "CMS"