这有点晚了，但如果你正在使用Spring Data REST，那么已经有org.springframework.data.rest.webmvc.ResourceNotFoundException 它还使用@ResponseStatus注释。不再需要创建自定义运行时异常。

虽然标记的答案是正确的，但有一种方法可以做到这一点，没有例外。服务返回搜索对象的Optional<T>，这被映射到HttpStatus。如果找到OK，如果为空则返回404。

@Controller
public class SomeController {

    @RequestMapping.....
    public ResponseEntity<Object> handleCall(@PathVariable String param) {
        return  service.find(param)
                .map(result -> new ResponseEntity<>(result, HttpStatus.OK))
                .orElse(new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND));
    }
}

@Service
public class Service{
  
    public Optional<Object> find(String param){
        if(!found()){
            return Optional.empty();
        }
        ...
        return Optional.of(data); 
    }
    
}

从Spring 5.0开始，你不需要创建额外的异常:

throw new ResponseStatusException(NOT_FOUND, "Unable to find resource");

此外，你可以用一个内置异常覆盖多个场景，你有更多的控制。

看到更多:

ResponseStatusException (javadoc) https://www.baeldung.com/spring-response-status-exception

使用setting配置web.xml

<error-page>
    <error-code>500</error-code>
    <location>/error/500</location>
</error-page>

<error-page>
    <error-code>404</error-code>
    <location>/error/404</location>
</error-page>

创建新控制器

   /**
     * Error Controller. handles the calls for 404, 500 and 401 HTTP Status codes.
     */
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping(value = ErrorController.ERROR_URL, produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_XHTML_XML_VALUE)
    public class ErrorController {


        /**
         * The constant ERROR_URL.
         */
        public static final String ERROR_URL = "/error";


        /**
         * The constant TILE_ERROR.
         */
        public static final String TILE_ERROR = "error.page";


        /**
         * Page Not Found.
         *
         * @return Home Page
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/404", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_XHTML_XML_VALUE)
        public ModelAndView notFound() {

            ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(TILE_ERROR);
            model.addObject("message", "The page you requested could not be found. This location may not be current.");

            return model;
        }

        /**
         * Error page.
         *
         * @return the model and view
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/500", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_XHTML_XML_VALUE)
        public ModelAndView errorPage() {
            ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView(TILE_ERROR);
            model.addObject("message", "The page you requested could not be found. This location may not be current, due to the recent site redesign.");

            return model;
        }
}

这有点晚了，但如果你正在使用Spring Data REST，那么已经有org.springframework.data.rest.webmvc.ResourceNotFoundException 它还使用@ResponseStatus注释。不再需要创建自定义运行时异常。

我想提一下，Spring默认提供了404异常(不仅是)。有关详细信息，请参阅Spring文档。所以如果你不需要自己的异常，你可以简单地这样做:

 @RequestMapping(value = "/**", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 public ModelAndView show() throws NoSuchRequestHandlingMethodException {
    if(something == null)
         throw new NoSuchRequestHandlingMethodException("show", YourClass.class);

    ...

  }