我认为值得一提的是，从Spring 3开始，如果您想创建一个工厂，您还可以使用@configuration注释结合适当的@scope

@Configuration
public class MyFactory {

    @Bean
    @Scope("prototype")
    public MyClass create() {
        return new MyClass();
    }
}

使用@ComponentScan注释或xml配置，Spring容器应该可以看到您的工厂

春豆范围文章从贝龙网站

对我来说，选择BeanFactory而不是ApplicationContext的主要区别似乎是ApplicationContext将预先实例化所有的bean。来自Spring文档:

Spring sets properties and resolves dependencies as late as possible, when the bean is actually created. This means that a Spring container which has loaded correctly can later generate an exception when you request an object if there is a problem creating that object or one of its dependencies. For example, the bean throws an exception as a result of a missing or invalid property. This potentially delayed visibility of some configuration issues is why ApplicationContext implementations by default pre-instantiate singleton beans. At the cost of some upfront time and memory to create these beans before they are actually needed, you discover configuration issues when the ApplicationContext is created, not later. You can still override this default behavior so that singleton beans will lazy-initialize, rather than be pre-instantiated.

考虑到这一点，我最初选择BeanFactory用于集成/性能测试，因为我不想加载整个应用程序来测试孤立的bean。但是——如果我说错了，有人会纠正我——BeanFactory不支持类路径XML配置。因此，BeanFactory和ApplicationContext都提供了我想要的关键特性，但两者都没有。

据我所知，文档中关于覆盖默认实例化行为的说明发生在配置中，而且它是每个bean的，所以我不能在XML文件中设置“lazy-init”属性，否则我就不得不维护一个版本用于测试，另一个版本用于部署。

我最终所做的是扩展ClassPathXmlApplicationContext以惰性加载bean以在测试中使用，如下所示:

public class LazyLoadingXmlApplicationContext extends ClassPathXmlApplicationContext {

    public LazyLoadingXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations) {
        super(configLocations);
    }

    /**
     * Upon loading bean definitions, force beans to be lazy-initialized.
     * @see org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext#loadBeanDefinitions(org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader)
     */

    @Override
    protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws IOException {
        super.loadBeanDefinitions(reader);
        for (String name: reader.getBeanFactory().getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
            AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AbstractBeanDefinition) reader.getBeanFactory().getBeanDefinition(name);
            beanDefinition.setLazyInit(true);
        }
    }

}

在大多数情况下，首选ApplicationContext，除非需要节省资源，比如在移动应用程序上。

我不确定是否依赖于XML格式，但我非常确定ApplicationContext最常见的实现是XML实现，例如ClassPathXmlApplicationContext、XmlWebApplicationContext和FileSystemXmlApplicationContext。我只用过这三个。

如果您正在开发web应用程序，可以肯定地说，您将需要使用XmlWebApplicationContext。

如果您希望bean能够感知Spring，您可以让它们为此实现BeanFactoryAware和/或ApplicationContextAware，因此您可以使用BeanFactory或ApplicationContext并选择实现哪个接口。

我的六分钱:

BeanFactory and ApplicationContext both are interfaces where ApplicationContext extends BeanFactory. So ApplicationContext is a child interface and BeanFactory is the parent interface. In other words, ApplicationContext has all the features of BeanFactory and it has some additional features that are not present in BeanFactory. BeanFactory loads beans on-demand that is Lazy Loading whereas ApplicationContext loads all beans at startup that is Eager Loading. BeanFactory does not support annotations whereas ApplicationContext supports annotations. ApplicationContext has additional features that are not present in BeanFactory: Internationalization, Event Publishing, AOP features. BeanFactory only supports two scopes — Singleton and Prototype whereas ApplicationContext supports all bean scopes. BeanFactory does not register BeanFactoryPostProcessor and BeanPostProcessor automatically whereas ApplicationContext automatically registers them.

为了补充Miguel Ping回答的问题，这里是文档中的另一个部分，也回答了这个问题:

简短的版本:使用ApplicationContext，除非你有很好的理由不这样做。对于那些想要更深入地了解上述建议的“但是为什么”的人，请继续阅读。

(将这篇文章发布给未来可能会读到这个问题的春季新手)

我认为值得一提的是，从Spring 3开始，如果您想创建一个工厂，您还可以使用@configuration注释结合适当的@scope

@Configuration
public class MyFactory {

    @Bean
    @Scope("prototype")
    public MyClass create() {
        return new MyClass();
    }
}

使用@ComponentScan注释或xml配置，Spring容器应该可以看到您的工厂

春豆范围文章从贝龙网站