在非web应用程序中使用BeanFactory，因为它只支持单例和原型bean作用域。

而ApplicationContext容器确实支持所有的bean作用域，所以你应该将它用于web应用程序。

对我来说，选择BeanFactory而不是ApplicationContext的主要区别似乎是ApplicationContext将预先实例化所有的bean。来自Spring文档:

Spring sets properties and resolves dependencies as late as possible, when the bean is actually created. This means that a Spring container which has loaded correctly can later generate an exception when you request an object if there is a problem creating that object or one of its dependencies. For example, the bean throws an exception as a result of a missing or invalid property. This potentially delayed visibility of some configuration issues is why ApplicationContext implementations by default pre-instantiate singleton beans. At the cost of some upfront time and memory to create these beans before they are actually needed, you discover configuration issues when the ApplicationContext is created, not later. You can still override this default behavior so that singleton beans will lazy-initialize, rather than be pre-instantiated.

考虑到这一点，我最初选择BeanFactory用于集成/性能测试，因为我不想加载整个应用程序来测试孤立的bean。但是——如果我说错了，有人会纠正我——BeanFactory不支持类路径XML配置。因此，BeanFactory和ApplicationContext都提供了我想要的关键特性，但两者都没有。

据我所知，文档中关于覆盖默认实例化行为的说明发生在配置中，而且它是每个bean的，所以我不能在XML文件中设置“lazy-init”属性，否则我就不得不维护一个版本用于测试，另一个版本用于部署。

我最终所做的是扩展ClassPathXmlApplicationContext以惰性加载bean以在测试中使用，如下所示:

public class LazyLoadingXmlApplicationContext extends ClassPathXmlApplicationContext {

    public LazyLoadingXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations) {
        super(configLocations);
    }

    /**
     * Upon loading bean definitions, force beans to be lazy-initialized.
     * @see org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext#loadBeanDefinitions(org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader)
     */

    @Override
    protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws IOException {
        super.loadBeanDefinitions(reader);
        for (String name: reader.getBeanFactory().getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
            AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AbstractBeanDefinition) reader.getBeanFactory().getBeanDefinition(name);
            beanDefinition.setLazyInit(true);
        }
    }

}

我需要解释BeanFactory & ApplicationContext。

BeanFactory: BeanFactory is root interface for accessing the SpringBean Container.There is basic client view of a bean container. That interface is implemented by the object class that holds the number of beans definitions, and each uniquely identify by the String name Depending the Bean definition the factory will return the instance that instance may be the instance of contained object or a single shared instance. Which type of instance will be return depends of bean factory configuration. Normally Bean factory will load the all the all the beans definition, which stored in the configuration source like XML...etc.

BeanFactory是一个为依赖注入提供基本支持的最简单的容器

应用程序上下文 应用程序上下文是spring应用程序中的一个中心接口，它向应用程序提供配置信息。它实现了Bean工厂接口。

应用程序上下文是一个高级容器，它增加了高级级别的企业特定功能，例如从属性文件....解析文本消息的能力等

一个ApplicationContext提供:

Bean factory methods for accessing application components. Inherited from ListableBeanFactory. The ability to load file resources in a generic fashion. Inherited from the ResourceLoader interface. The ability to publish events to registered listeners. Inherited from the ApplicationEventPublisher interface. The ability to resolve messages, supporting internationalization. Inherited from the MessageSource interface. Inheritance from a parent context. Definitions in a descendant context will always take priority. This means, for example, that a single parent context can be used by an entire web application, while each servlet has its own child context that is independent of that of any other servlet. In addition to standard BeanFactory lifecycle capabilities, ApplicationContext implementations detect and invoke ApplicationContextAware beans as well as ResourceLoaderAware, ApplicationEventPublisherAware and MessageSourceAware beans.

在实时场景中，Spring IOC核心容器(BeanFactory)和高级J2EE容器(ApplicationContext)之间的区别如下。

BeanFactory will create objects for the beans (i.e., for POJO classes) mentioned in the spring.xml file (<bean></bean>) only when you call the .getBean() method, but whereas ApplicationContext creates the objects for all the beans (<bean></bean> if its scope is not explicitly mentioned as "Prototype") configured in the spring.xml while loading the spring.xml file itself. BeanFactory: (Lazy container because it creates the objects for the beans only when you explicitly call from the user/main class) /* * Using core Container - Lazy container - Because it creates the bean objects On-Demand */ //creating a resource Resource r = (Resource) new ClassPathResource("com.spring.resources/spring.xml"); //creating BeanFactory BeanFactory factory=new XmlBeanFactory(r); //Getting the bean for the POJO class "HelloWorld.java" HelloWorld worldObj1 = (HelloWorld) factory.getBean("test"); ApplicationContext: (Eager container because of creating the objects of all singleton beans while loading the spring.xml file itself) ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/ioc/constructorDI/resources/spring.xml"); Technically, using ApplicationContext is recommended because in real-time applications, the bean objects will be created while the application is getting started in the server itself. This reduces the response time for the user request as the objects are already available to respond.

Bean工厂的特性矩阵vs来自spring文档的应用程序上下文

beanfactory和ApplicationContext功能的截图

总而言之:

ApplicationContext包括BeanFactory的所有功能。 一般建议使用前者。

在一些有限的情况下，例如在移动应用程序中，内存消耗可能是关键的。

在这种情况下，使用更轻量级的BeanFactory是合理的。然而，在大多数企业应用程序中，ApplicationContext是您想要使用的。

要了解更多，请参阅我的博客文章:

Spring中的BeanFactory和ApplicationContext的区别——java Spring博客的基础