更新:

You can register a handler for `process.on('exit')` and in any other case(`SIGINT` or unhandled exception) to call `process.exit()`

process.stdin.resume();//so the program will not close instantly

function exitHandler(options, exitCode) {
    if (options.cleanup) console.log('clean');
    if (exitCode || exitCode === 0) console.log(exitCode);
    if (options.exit) process.exit();
}

//do something when app is closing
process.on('exit', exitHandler.bind(null,{cleanup:true}));

//catches ctrl+c event
process.on('SIGINT', exitHandler.bind(null, {exit:true}));

// catches "kill pid" (for example: nodemon restart)
process.on('SIGUSR1', exitHandler.bind(null, {exit:true}));
process.on('SIGUSR2', exitHandler.bind(null, {exit:true}));

//catches uncaught exceptions
process.on('uncaughtException', exitHandler.bind(null, {exit:true}));

只有在处理程序内部调用同步代码时，这才有效，否则它将无限期地调用处理程序

function fnAsyncTest(callback) {
    require('fs').writeFile('async.txt', 'bye!', callback);
}

function fnSyncTest() {
    for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {}
}

function killProcess() {

    if (process.exitTimeoutId) {
        return;
    }

    process.exitTimeoutId = setTimeout(() => process.exit, 5000);
    console.log('process will exit in 5 seconds');

    fnAsyncTest(function() {
        console.log('async op. done', arguments);
    });

    if (!fnSyncTest()) {
        console.log('sync op. done');
    }
}

// https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_signal_events
process.on('SIGTERM', killProcess);
process.on('SIGINT', killProcess);

process.on('uncaughtException', function(e) {

    console.log('[uncaughtException] app will be terminated: ', e.stack);

    killProcess();
    /**
     * @https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_event_uncaughtexception
     *  
     * 'uncaughtException' should be used to perform synchronous cleanup before shutting down the process. 
     * It is not safe to resume normal operation after 'uncaughtException'. 
     * If you do use it, restart your application after every unhandled exception!
     * 
     * You have been warned.
     */
});

console.log('App is running...');
console.log('Try to press CTRL+C or SIGNAL the process with PID: ', process.pid);

process.stdin.resume();
// just for testing

下面的脚本允许对所有退出条件使用一个处理程序。它使用一个应用程序特定的回调函数来执行自定义清理代码。

cleanup.js

// Object to capture process exits and call app specific cleanup function

function noOp() {};

exports.Cleanup = function Cleanup(callback) {

  // attach user callback to the process event emitter
  // if no callback, it will still exit gracefully on Ctrl-C
  callback = callback || noOp;
  process.on('cleanup',callback);

  // do app specific cleaning before exiting
  process.on('exit', function () {
    process.emit('cleanup');
  });

  // catch ctrl+c event and exit normally
  process.on('SIGINT', function () {
    console.log('Ctrl-C...');
    process.exit(2);
  });

  //catch uncaught exceptions, trace, then exit normally
  process.on('uncaughtException', function(e) {
    console.log('Uncaught Exception...');
    console.log(e.stack);
    process.exit(99);
  });
};

这段代码拦截未捕获的异常、Ctrl+C和正常退出事件。然后，它在退出前调用一个可选的用户清理回调函数，用一个对象处理所有退出条件。

该模块只是扩展了流程对象，而不是定义另一个事件发射器。如果没有应用程序特定的回调，清理默认为no op函数。这对于我的使用来说已经足够了，当按Ctrl+C退出时，子进程仍在运行。

您可以根据需要轻松添加其他退出事件，例如SIGHUP。注意:根据NodeJS手册，SIGKILL不能有监听器。下面的测试代码演示了使用cleanup.js的各种方法

// test cleanup.js on version 0.10.21

// loads module and registers app specific cleanup callback...
var cleanup = require('./cleanup').Cleanup(myCleanup);
//var cleanup = require('./cleanup').Cleanup(); // will call noOp

// defines app specific callback...
function myCleanup() {
  console.log('App specific cleanup code...');
};

// All of the following code is only needed for test demo

// Prevents the program from closing instantly
process.stdin.resume();

// Emits an uncaught exception when called because module does not exist
function error() {
  console.log('error');
  var x = require('');
};

// Try each of the following one at a time:

// Uncomment the next line to test exiting on an uncaught exception
//setTimeout(error,2000);

// Uncomment the next line to test exiting normally
//setTimeout(function(){process.exit(3)}, 2000);

// Type Ctrl-C to test forced exit 

我需要在退出时做一个异步清理操作，这个问题的答案都不适合我。

所以我自己试了一下，最后发现了这个:

process.once('uncaughtException', async () => {
  await cleanup()

  process.exit(0)
})

process.once('SIGINT', () => { throw new Error() })

在进程由另一个节点进程生成的情况下，例如:

var child = spawn('gulp', ['watch'], {
    stdio: 'inherit',
});

然后你试图通过以下方式杀死它:

child.kill();

这是如何处理[子]事件的:

process.on('SIGTERM', function() {
    console.log('Goodbye!');
});

io.js有一个exit和一个beforeExit事件，它们做你想做的事情。