对于fedora26和postgres9.6

首先，以root用户登录，然后通过以下命令进入psql

$ su postgres  

then

$ psql

在PSQL中查找hba_file ==>的位置意味着pg_hba.conf

postgres=# show hba_file ; 
 hba_file  
--------------------------------------   
 /etc/postgresql/9.6/main/pg_hba.conf  
(1 row)  

在pg_hba.conf文件中将用户访问权限更改为this

host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5

在pg_hba.conf中设置正确了吗?

参见https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/databases-postgresql如何做。

在Ubuntu 12.04中为Rails开发设置PostgreSQL之后，我也遇到了同样的问题

我尝试了其他答案，但我所要做的就是:“config/database.yml”

development:
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: (appname)_development
  pool: 5
  username: (username you granted appname database priviledges to)
  password:

这招对我很管用: http://tecadmin.net/fatal-ident-authentication-failed-for-user-postgres/#

local   all             postgres                                trust
local   all             myapp_usr                               trust
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
# IPv6 local connections:
#host    all             all             ::1/128                 trust

可以设置环境变量PGHOST=localhost:

$ psql -U db_user db_name
psql: FATAL:  Peer authentication failed for user "db_user"

$ export PGHOST=localhost
$ psql -U db_user db_name

Password for user mfonline:

我在Mac OSX的PostgreSQL 9.3上的解决方案是在bash shell中使用sudo进入数据文件夹，然后将必要的行追加到pg_hba.conf文件，以允许所有用户都是可信的，并能够登录。这就是我所做的:

# in bash_profile edit PGDATA environmental variable
open ~/.bash_profile

# append this line to bash_profile
export PGDATA="/Library/PostgreSQL/9.3/data"

# reload bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile

# open pg_hba.conf in vim
sudo vi /Library/PostgreSQL/9.3/data/pg_hba.conf

# append these two lines to the end of the pg_hba.conf file
local   all   all                  trust
host    all   all   127.0.0.1/32   trust

# can now login as user in bash
psql -d <db_name> -U <user_name> -W