Mysqli fetch_field()为我工作:

if ($result = $mysqli -> query($sql)) {
  // Get field information for all fields
  while ($fieldinfo = $result -> fetch_field()) {
    printf("Name: %s\n", $fieldinfo -> name);
    printf("Table: %s\n", $fieldinfo -> table);
    printf("Max. Len: %d\n", $fieldinfo -> max_length);
  }
  $result -> free_result();
}

来源:https://www.w3schools.com/pHP/func_mysqli_fetch_field.asp

你可能还想检查mysql_fetch_array()，如下所示:

$rs = mysql_query($sql);
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($rs)) {
//$row[0] = 'First Field';
//$row['first_field'] = 'First Field';
}

我需要列名作为平面数组，而其他答案返回关联数组，所以我使用:

$con = mysqli_connect('localhost',$db_user,$db_pw,$db_name);
$table = 'people';

/**
* Get the column names for a mysql table
**/

function get_column_names($con, $table) {
  $sql = 'DESCRIBE '.$table;
  $result = mysqli_query($con, $sql);

  $rows = array();
  while($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    $rows[] = $row['Field'];
  }

  return $rows;
}

$col_names = function get_column_names($con, $table);

$col_names现在等于:

(
    [0] => name
    [1] => parent
    [2] => number
    [3] => chart_id
    [4] => type
    [5] => id
)

你可以使用DESCRIBE:

DESCRIBE my_table;

或者在更新的版本中，你可以使用INFORMATION_SCHEMA:

SELECT COLUMN_NAME
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
  WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'my_database' AND TABLE_NAME = 'my_table';

或者你可以使用SHOW COLUMNS:

SHOW COLUMNS FROM my_table;

或者在一行中获取带逗号的列名:

SELECT group_concat(COLUMN_NAME)
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
  WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'my_database' AND TABLE_NAME = 'my_table';

我做了一个PDO函数，它返回一个简单数组中的所有列名。

public function getColumnNames($table){
    $sql = "SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE table_name = :table";
    try {
        $core = Core::getInstance();
        $stmt = $core->dbh->prepare($sql);
        $stmt->bindValue(':table', $table, PDO::PARAM_STR);
        $stmt->execute();
        $output = array();
        while($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)){
            $output[] = $row['COLUMN_NAME'];                
        }
        return $output; 
    }

    catch(PDOException $pe) {
        trigger_error('Could not connect to MySQL database. ' . $pe->getMessage() , E_USER_ERROR);
    }
}

输出将是一个数组:

Array (
[0] => id
[1] => name
[2] => email
[3] => shoe_size
[4] => likes
... )

对不起死灵，但我喜欢我的功能;)

附注:我没有包括类核心，但你可以使用自己的类。科学博士

有趣的是，您可以使用 EXPLAIN table_name与DESCRIBE table_name和SHOW COLUMNS FROM table_name同义 尽管EXPLAIN更常用来获取关于查询执行计划的信息。