下面的SQL语句几乎是等价的:

SELECT COLUMN_NAME
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
 WHERE table_name = 'tbl_name'
  [AND table_schema = 'db_name']
  [AND column_name LIKE 'wild']

SHOW COLUMNS
FROM tbl_name
[FROM db_name]
[LIKE 'wild']

参考:INFORMATION_SCHEMA列

您可以使用以下简单的命令获取整个表结构。

DESC TableName

或者您可以使用以下查询。

SHOW COLUMNS FROM TableName

有趣的是，您可以使用 EXPLAIN table_name与DESCRIBE table_name和SHOW COLUMNS FROM table_name同义 尽管EXPLAIN更常用来获取关于查询执行计划的信息。

这个解决方案来自命令行mysql

mysql>USE information_schema;

在下面的查询中，只需将<——DATABASE_NAME——>更改为您的数据库，<——TABLENAME——>更改为您的表名，其中您只需要description语句的字段值

mysql> SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = '<--DATABASE_NAME-->' AND   TABLE_NAME='<--TABLENAME-->';

我需要列名作为平面数组，而其他答案返回关联数组，所以我使用:

$con = mysqli_connect('localhost',$db_user,$db_pw,$db_name);
$table = 'people';

/**
* Get the column names for a mysql table
**/

function get_column_names($con, $table) {
  $sql = 'DESCRIBE '.$table;
  $result = mysqli_query($con, $sql);

  $rows = array();
  while($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    $rows[] = $row['Field'];
  }

  return $rows;
}

$col_names = function get_column_names($con, $table);

$col_names现在等于:

(
    [0] => name
    [1] => parent
    [2] => number
    [3] => chart_id
    [4] => type
    [5] => id
)

下面的SQL语句几乎是等价的:

SELECT COLUMN_NAME
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
 WHERE table_name = 'tbl_name'
  [AND table_schema = 'db_name']
  [AND column_name LIKE 'wild']

SHOW COLUMNS
FROM tbl_name
[FROM db_name]
[LIKE 'wild']

参考:INFORMATION_SCHEMA列